Population and area of the Novosibirsk Region. Cities of the Novosibirsk Region

In the south of Western Siberia, the Novosibirsk region is located, which borders on the Altai Krai, Omsk, Tomsk and Kemerovo regions, and is also one of the border regions, neighboring with Kazakhstan.

History of the Novosibirsk Region

The Novosibirsk region was founded in 1937, but the development of the territory took place long before its formation. With various excavations, remains were found, scientists believed that the first appearance of man occurred in the era of the Paleolithic, which is attributed to the Stone Age.

Gradually, the territory was developed, and the population of the Novosibirsk region in the Middle Ages were the Turkic peoples, headed by the khans. In the 13-15 centuries the territory was the eastern outskirts of the Golden Horde, and a little later - the Siberian Khanate.

Only in the middle of the 17th century, according to many scientists, this area was settled by the Russians, and somewhere in 1644 the village of Maslyanino was formed. Gradually, the area of the Novosibirsk region began to expand due to the construction of villages, fortresses, jails and resettlement of peoples, when the risks of nomadic raids decreased.

Until 1921, as such, the region did not exist, since it was part of the Tomsk province, then was part of the Novonikolaevskaya province, the Siberian region, the West Siberian region. Only in 1937 the region was divided into two parts: the Novosibirsk region and the Altai Territory.

Area

Today it is one of the largest subjects of the Russian Federation. The area of the Novosibirsk region is 177 thousand km², it occupies the 18th position among all subjects of the Russian Federation and the 6th position in the Siberian Federal District after the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the Irkutsk Region, etc. The length from the south to the north is 444 km, from east to west - 642 km.

Population

The population of the Novosibirsk Region by calculation for 2013 was 2.7 million people. The majority are urban residents, or more precisely 77%, so the population density is 15.2 people. Per sq. M. Km. 90% of the population is Russian, and such peoples as Germans, Ukrainians and others are also represented. It should be noted that this area is urbanized, which means that about 60% live in Novosibirsk, 17% in other cities, and only 23% in towns, villages and urban settlements.

Cities and Towns

The cities of the Novosibirsk region are just 15 subjects. The largest is Novosibirsk, with a population of 1.5 million people, also Berdsk with a population of about 100 thousand people, Iskitim, Kuibyshev and others, where this figure does not exceed 30 thousand people.

The most ancient cities are Kargat and Berdsk, which appeared in the early 18th century, and the youngest - the Ob, formed in 1934. It is interesting that the city is named after the main river of the region, but there is a water artery 15 km from it.

Despite the fact that the population mostly lives in cities, there are also 30 administrative districts and 17 urban-type settlements in the region. The villages of the Novosibirsk region have their own history, and some of them number several centuries. One of the most famous is Kolyvan, where about 12 thousand people live, it has a rich history (references to it date back to 1797). Here is the women's Alexander Nevsky monastery, one of two in the whole region. Or the village of Dovolnoe, where about 7 thousand people live. It is believed that it was founded in 1703, although the date is being questioned. Not far from the village there is a sanatorium, which is the base in the field of treatment and prevention of the gastrointestinal tract (built in 1965).

Kuybyshev: Novosibirsk region

One of the largest cities, except Novosibirsk, consider Kuibyshev, where about 45 thousand people live. The city was founded in 1722 as a military fortification from the attack of nomads and was named Kainsk, which means "birch" from the language of the Barabinsk Tatars. Already in 1743, when the church was built, it was decided to use this territory as a settlement, and gradually it expanded. In 1935 the city was renamed Kuibyshev. The Novosibirsk region, transformed again in 1937, received this city, which for a couple of years changed its name to Kuibyshevsk and Kuibyshevo, but in the end everything returned to the initial version.

For more than 80 years, several secondary schools and institutions have been built, a meat processing plant, a distillery, a reinforced concrete products factory and a garment factory have been opened.

The main attractions are the Church of the Nativity of John the Baptist, built in 1904, the only one that survived during the years of Soviet power. Also the Local Lore Museum, which was opened in 1988, and various municipal cultural institutions.

Nature and climate

The area of the Novosibirsk Region is quite large. It is located in Siberia, but with a fairly mild climate, when it is hot in summer and cold in winter. There are no abnormal colds, as in most regions of Western and Eastern Siberia, but once it was fixed -51 °.

Part of the territory is covered with taiga forests (to be exact, 1/5), where such tree species as pine, fir, cedar, birch, and also meadows and mountain ranges grow. The region is rich in minerals, including oil, coal, colored ores, marble, gold.

The main reservoirs of the Novosibirsk region are the Ob and Om rivers, as well as the Novosibirsk reservoir, or, as it is also called, the Ob Sea.

The region is very attracting tourists with its nature and the presence of thermal springs and mud fields, thanks to which many sanatoriums and boarding houses were opened, where people come to recover and rest.

Economy

The area of the Novosibirsk Region is small compared to the subjects of Western and Eastern Siberia, but it is larger than Denmark, Belgium, the Netherlands and Switzerland combined, which allows it to develop its economy in various areas, from industry to ecotourism.

Interestingly, the main income comes from the services sector, accounting for 60% of the gross product, 24% for industry and 6-7% for agriculture, which means that the growth of foreign investment is increasing, which indicates the attractiveness of the region.

The territory is rich in minerals, and on it are discovered 523 deposits, about 80 of which are currently used. Also developed are such industries as engineering, chemical and forestry, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, and the production of building materials.

In agriculture, they are engaged mainly in breeding cattle, poultry and sheep, and also grow flax fiber.

Its share in the development of the region is also contributed by the fuel and energy complex in the form of oil and coal industry.

All major cities of the Novosibirsk region contribute to the development of the region. Not only Novosibirsk is the center of the entire economy, but also Kuibyshev, Berdsk, and Iskitim.

Infrastructure and administration

The administration of the Novosibirsk region has its own legislative and executive authority, and the governor is at the head. For all time after the formation of the Russian Federation there were 5 governors. They were elected by the people and appointed by the president in different years.

The entire territory is divided into administrative units, which include 15 cities, including 8 of them regional subordination, 30 administrative districts, 17 villages and 428 village administrations.

The Novosibirsk region is one of the most developed entities in Western Siberia, through it there are important transport hubs, there are 11 airports (Tolmachevo is an international one). Important are the railway tracks with a length of more than 1500 km.

Everyone knows that this is also the center of science and education, with the presence of the Academgorodok, where dozens of research institutes are located, which, of course, is encouraged by the administration of the Novosibirsk region. This attracts all new employees who work at the state university, physics and mathematics school, in the nuclear physics institute, in the center of virology and biotechnology and in other scientific institutions.