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Pokrovsky Cathedral on Red Square

The main cathedral on Red Square - St. Basil's Cathedral - the world-famous monument of Russian church architecture. It is included in the register of World Heritage cultural heritage sites under the auspices of UNESCO. Another name is the Intercession Cathedral.

Another cathedral on Red Square, Kazan, is located on the corner of Nikolskaya street, near the Mint. This temple has its own history. The cathedrals of Moscow on Red Square were built at different times and each of them is interesting and famous in its own way.

Many Muscovites and guests of the capital believe that there are not two cathedrals on Red Square, but much more. This opinion is erroneous, since other masterpieces of Russian temple architecture, though they are visible from Red Square, are behind the Kremlin wall, on the territory of the Moscow Kremlin. Thus, the answer to the question of how many cathedrals on Red Square is unambiguous.

The center of Moscow is distinguished by an abundance of architectural monuments.

The Cathedral of the Intercession on Red Square, photo of which is presented in this article, is located opposite the Spasskaya Tower of the Kremlin, at the beginning of Vasilievsky descent. Nearby is the bronze memorial of Minin and Pozharsky, established in 1818.

The Cathedral of the Intercession on Red Square is the most grandiose landmark of Moscow. Groups of tourists and individual visitors go for hours to galleries. And if you ask a Japanese, a Frenchman or a Dane about which Cathedral on Red Square they liked more, they, without hesitation, call the Cathedral of the Intercession. The same will be said by Muscovites.

The Intercession Cathedral on Red Square is an unsurpassed masterpiece of temple architecture of the middle of the 16th century, built in honor of the great event that took place in Russia in October 1552 - the capture of Kazan and the victory over the Kazan Khanate. Tsar Ivan the Terrible ordered to build such a church, "which can not be like." This "church" was the Pokrovsky Cathedral on Red Square, which was erected in six years, from 1555 to 1561. Later, several extras of the cult nature were made.

Structure

Architects Barma and Postnik created a project of a cathedral consisting of a central pillar and eight chapels that they placed around the world in accordance with the canons of church construction of the time:

  • The central pillar is the Protection of the Holy Virgin.
  • To the east is the chapel of the Holy Trinity.
  • To the west is the chapel "Entry of the Lord into Jerusalem."
  • To the north-west - chapel "Gregory Catholicos Armenian".
  • To the south-east - side-chapel "Svirsky Alexander".
  • To the south-west - side-chapel of "Varlaam Khutynsky".
  • To the north-east - side-altar of "John the Merciful".
  • To the south - a chapel of "Nicholas the Wonderworker".
  • To the north there is a chapel of "Cyprian and Ustinya".

There are no cellars in the cathedral, the base is a fundamental podlet, whose vaults rest on brick walls of three meters in thickness. Until 1595 the poklet of the Intercession Cathedral was used to store the royal treasury. In addition to gold, the vaults housed the most valuable icons.

The second floor of the temple is directly all the chapels and the central pillar of the Intercession of the Mother of God, surrounded by a gallery from which you can get through the archways to all the rooms and also go from one church to another.

Church of Alexander Svirsky

The chapel of the south-eastern direction is consecrated in the name of Alexander Svirsky, the monk. On the day of his memory, in 1552, there was one of the decisive battles of the Kazan campaign - the defeat of the cavalry of Khan Tsarevich Yanchanchi.

The Church of Alexander Svirsky is one of the four small chapels, consisting of a lower quadrangle with an octagon and a drum with windows. The chapel crowns the chapel with a cross.

The Church of Varlaam Khutynsky

The Church of Varlaam Khutynsky, the Monk, is consecrated in his name. Chetverik in the base passes into a low octagon and then into the dome pommel. The apse of the church is shifted towards the Royal Gates. The interior decoration includes a tyclon iconostasis with icons of the 16th century, among which the Novgorod icon "The Vision of Tarasy, the Sexton" stands out.

Church "The Entry of the Lord into Jerusalem"

The chapel of the western direction is consecrated in honor of the holiday "Entrance to Jerusalem". A large church in the form of a two-tiered octagonal pillar, the transition from the third tier to the drum is carried out with the help of an intermediate belt of kokoshniks located "in front".

The interior decoration has a rich decorative character, not devoid of solemnity. The iconostasis was inherited from the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, formerly located in the Moscow Kremlin. The four-tiered block structure is decorated with gilded plates and carved details of rosewood. The bottom row of icons tells about the Creation of the world.

The Church of St. Gregory, the Armenian

The chapel facing northwest is consecrated in the name of the enlightener of Armenia. A small church, a four-legged church with a transition to a low octagon with three tiers of kokoshniks "in front of", taken from the cross-domed style of the cubic temples of the second half of the 15th century. A dome of a peculiar form, diamond projections are drawn by a "grid" of dark green stripes.

The iconostasis is varied, in the lower row there are velvet veils and the crosses of Calvary are depicted on them. The interior of the church is full of "lean" candles - wooden candlesticks, in which were inserted delicate church candles. On the walls are showcases with vestments for priests, felons and stoiches embroidered with gold. In the center there is a candilot decorated with enamel.

Church of Cyprian and Ustinya

A large church facing north. On the day of the memory of Cyprian and Ustinya, the tsarist army stormed Kazan. The octahedral pillar with pediments passes through the tier of kokoshniks into a faceted drum. The dome, folded from vertical parts of blue and white, crowns the pillar. The interior of the church consists of a carved iconostasis and numerous wall paintings with scenes of the lives of saints.

The church was restored many times, the last renovation is dated to the year 2007, financial support was received from JSC "Railways of Russia".

Nicolas Velikoretsky's chapel

The chapel facing south is consecrated in the name of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, named Velikoretsky in honor of the icon found in Khlynov on the river Velikaya. The church is a two-tiered octagonal pillar with pediments that turn into a series of kokoshniks. Above the kokoshniks there is an octahedron crowned with a head with an Orthodox cross. The dome of the church painted, bears on itself wavy stripes of red and white color.

Orthodox church of the Holy Trinity

Another large chapel of the Intercession Cathedral, facing east, is consecrated in the name of the Great Trinity. The two-tiered pillar of the octagonal configuration, framed by pointed gables on the lower tier, surrounded by kokoshniks in the middle and crowned with an octagon with a dome, is the most colorful in the whole composition of the St. Basil's Cathedral.

The chapel of the "Three Patriarchs"

The aisle to the east is consecrated in honor of the three patriarchs of Constantinople: John, Paul and Alexander. It is distinguished by a large five-tier iconostasis of baroque type, with icons of the local series, Deesis, living with stamps. The interior was restored in 2007.

Basil the Blessed

In 1588 the cathedral on Red Square was completed from the north-eastern side. The chapel dedicated to St. Basil the Blessed, who died in 1552, was added to the "Gregory of the Armenians" pillar, the remains of which were buried just on the site of the cathedral building.

Pokrovsky Cathedral on Red Square, in addition to its architectural, as well as historical value, also has sacral signs in terms of cult burials. In 1589, John of Moscow was buried in the basement of the cathedral. In 1672 in the Intercession Cathedral there was a burial of the relics of John the Blessed, the wonderworker of Moscow.

Kazan Cathedral on Red Square

In 1625 on Nikolskaya street was built a wooden Temple of Kazan Mother of God with the money of the Moscow prince Pozharsky. Nine years later, the Kazan church burned down and in its place was built a stone Kazan Cathedral. This time the construction of the temple was paid by Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich, and the new building was consecrated in 1636 by Patriarch Joasaph the First.

During the Stalinist reconstruction of Manezhnaya Square, the cathedral was demolished, this happened in 1936. The temple of Kazan Mother of God was recreated in the early nineties, on the initiative of the Moscow Society for the Protection of Cultural Monuments. Currently, the Kazan Cathedral, located on Red Square, is one of the most notable masterpieces of Moscow's temple architecture.

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