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Philosophy of French Enlightenment

In the 18th century, France was in the period of active development of capitalism. At this time, the country was preparing for intensive changes and restructuring - it ended with all the well-known bourgeois revolution. It was at this angle that the philosophy of French enlightenment developed.

With such a course of development, the country, like the nation, needed a certain explanation of events, the systematization of knowledge. The Renaissance period in France is characterized by a very negative attitude towards the feudalism, the privileges of representatives of noble origin. The philosophy of French enlightenment criticized religion and perceived the church only as an organ of social influence and a way of manipulating the population.

On the other hand, the greatest minds of the time believed that the root of all evils in the ignorance of ordinary citizens, as the limited mental development interfered with the normal perception of reality, the understanding of their rights as a person. The social philosophy of French enlightenment was based on the idea of education. At the same time, it was believed that the nobility and the royal family needed education, they needed to explain all the subtleties of government.

Philosophy of the French Enlightenment and its main directions . During this period of development, three main points of view were clearly formed, each of which had its followers and followers:

  • Deism - this direction rejected the idea of a personal God and the possibility that the divine principle has any influence on the course of events;
  • Materialism - developed under the influence of science, especially mechanics. Adherents of this trend believed that philosophy should generalize all scientific data. Of course, the existence of God was rejected categorically. The scientists explained the existence of the world only from the point of view of natural science;
  • The socialist, or utopian, direction developed after the revolution;

Philosophy of French Enlightenment: Voltaire . Perhaps, this is one of the most famous figures of culture and philosophy in history. This well-known writer at a certain time renounced religion and its laws, having joined the group of deists. Of course, Voltaire did not give up faith in God. But he believed that God only creates the world, sets him a certain movement and does not prevent things from moving on their own.

This famous thinker preached a humane attitude to the common people. Nevertheless, he believed that only a monarchy is the only ideal form of the state. He saw the problem only in the rulers and their reluctance to take care of the uneducated poor people.

Philosophy of the French Enlightenment and its representatives .

Zh.Zh.Russo is another well- known philosopher, writer and educator. He rejected the authority of the church for its superstition, unjustified cruelty and fanaticism. At the same time, he recognized that the state needs a religion that would make citizens useful members of society. He even created the concept of a "civil" religion, which implied faith in the afterlife, a fair payment for deeds, a reward for good and punishment for evil.

Lametrie - was a convinced atheist and rejected the probability of the existence of God. Moreover, he denied the importance of religion for humanity and believed that real morality comes only with experience. This philosopher was inclined to think that every person is born evil, insidious and vicious. And virtue and other positive qualities are acquired in the process of correct education.

Diderot - this scientist had a slightly different outlook on life. He believed that man by nature is born good. Evil occurs when a person grows up. The morality of a nation depends on laws, the social system of government and the way of life.

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