HealthStomatology

Periodontitis of the tooth - what is it? Periodontitis of milk teeth: the causes, symptoms and characteristics of treatment

Healthy teeth are the dream of every person. Therefore, it is very important to know the possible pathologies of the oral cavity and how to avoid and treat them. In the article we will consider such a disease as periodontitis of the tooth. What is it, what are the preventive measures and the methods of treatment, you will learn by reading it.

What is periodontitis?

Periodontitis is a common complication of caries. The disease is mainly affected by children of all ages. About a third of the small patients are diagnosed with periodontitis. But in addition to caries, there are other causes of this disease.

Periodontitis is the process of inflammation of periodontal tissue. That's where the name of the disease came from. Periodontium - a site between a root of a tooth and a jaw. This area develops in children throughout the entire process of tooth growth. The periodontium constantly changes, until the permanent teeth are formed. Periodontitis of baby teeth, of course, is treated. Next, we will consider in more detail the process of therapy of this disease, as well as the methods of prevention. In addition, it should be noted that not only temporary teeth are susceptible to this disease. But periodontitis of permanent teeth occurs a little less often.

Differences between pulpitis and periodontitis

Very often patients confuse pulpitis and periodontitis of the tooth. What is this and what is the difference, the attending physician can explain. But there is not always an opportunity to question him, so it's better to know in advance at least about how these diseases differ.

So, pulpitis is an inflammation of the tooth pulp. It arises from the fact that infection from the cavity of the tooth penetrates into the pulp and thus inflammation develops. It passes directly inside the tooth itself and no tissues, for example, periodontium, do not hurt.

Periodontitis is the next stage of pulpitis. When periodontitis begins to develop, the pulp, as a rule, has already died and the infection has passed to the tissues that are located below the root of the tooth (periodontium).

So, we briefly examined the periodontitis of the tooth. What is it and how it differs from pulpitis, we hope, it became clear to you.

Causes of periodontitis

The emergence of periodontitis is influenced by a number of factors:

  1. Running caries is the main cause of periodontitis. Routine examinations at the dentist allow timely detection and cure of caries and thus prevent the development of periodontitis.
  2. Wrong treatment of caries, pulpitis. Sometimes the dentist does not notice the possible development of pulpitis and treats caries on the tooth in the usual way. Unexpected pulpitis continues to develop and increases the risk of periodontal inflammation.
  3. Improper selection of devitalizing pulp medical devices. If little mummifying agents have been used to treat pulpitis , the pulp continues to become inflamed and the periodontitis of the baby teeth may develop.
  4. The situation is the opposite of the one described above. If mummified medical devices are many or they are in the tooth for longer than the prescribed time, periodontitis of temporary teeth may develop.
  5. Damage to periodontal tissue by the chemical action of the means for performing sterilization of the dental canals.
  6. Sensitivity or individual intolerance to certain medications. They are usually introduced into the lumen of the root canal during caries treatment and have no effect on the periodontium. But if the child is allergic, these drugs can cause periodontitis of the root of the tooth. Treatment is required immediately, since the allergen continues to function, and it is necessary to get rid of it.
  7. Various injuries in the treatment of caries, aggressive dental actions.
  8. A broken bite, an established seal without an equalization of the tooth surface can lead to microtraumas of periodontal tissue and provoke a periodontitis of the tooth. Children with an incorrect bite need to show the orthodontist and watch that they do not have bad habits, for example, gnawing pens.
  9. Directly injured teeth (bruises, fractures of the root of the tooth). Such serious violations can occur during the fall, with a strong blow to the face, car accident, etc.

So, we briefly considered such a disease as periodontitis of the tooth. What is it, what are the causes of the occurrence, you now know. Next, consider the classification of this disease.

Types of periodontitis

Periodontitis is divided according to the following features:

  1. Localization.
  2. Flow.
  3. Type of teeth.

By localization it happens:

  • Marginal - periodontal tissues are affected, which cover the neck of the tooth. Infection in this case can spread through inflamed gums.
  • Upper - covers the part of the periodontal that contacts the tip of the tooth root. In this case, the infection comes from damaged tooth pulp.

In the course of periodontitis is divided into:

  • Acute - has pronounced symptoms, but the x-ray of the tooth shows only small changes. Acute periodontitis is serous (simple inflammation) and purulent (inflammation, which is accompanied by tissue destruction).
  • Chronic - can develop on a background of an acute form or after a chronic pulpitis. As a rule, the symptoms are similar to those that occur with deep caries, so do not rush to the dentist. This is what causes the development of advanced forms of the disease.

The type of teeth can be:

  • On temporary teeth.
  • On permanent teeth.

Symptoms of acute disease

The main symptoms of acute periodontitis:

  1. Constant, unbearable pain, which intensively increases. If you press on the tooth, knock on it, then the pain sensations increase. This localization of pain can accurately determine the patient's tooth.
  2. Around the aching tooth, the gum is swollen. Children may have a little increase in body temperature, they become lethargic, there is nausea and vomiting.
  3. Lymph nodes are enlarged, their soreness is increased when palpation.

Symptoms of chronic periodontitis

Chronic periodontitis can also be detected by some symptoms, although this is much more difficult than in the case of the acute form of the disease:

  1. Outside the exacerbation, the chronic form of the disease has almost no symptoms. There is a fickle, aching pain. As a rule, it manifests itself at night, when loaded on a sick tooth or when eating food with a pronounced taste (sour, sweet). During the examination, tapping on the tooth occurs without pain, the gums are not inflamed. Lymph nodes can be inflamed.
  2. Chronic long periodontitis is accompanied by attacks of exacerbation. During this period, complaints and symptoms are similar to an acute form of the disease.
  3. There may be general weakness, fatigue or drowsiness.

Diagnosis of the disease

Diagnosing acute periodontitis is easy enough. On examination, the sick tooth responds with pain when tapping it. The presence of the disease is also indicated by external signs: a significant increase in lymph nodes, inflammation and swelling of the gums around the diseased tooth.

Chronic periodontitis is difficult to detect with normal dental examination. In this case, an X-ray is necessary.

Periodontitis of a baby tooth: treatment

So, we examined the types of periodontitis and its symptoms. Further, we will dwell on the treatment of this disease in more detail. The process of eliminating periodontitis depends on the type of teeth (dairy or permanent). Treatment of periodontitis temporary teeth should be carried out, given the type, severity of the disease.

For proper and complex therapy, it is sometimes necessary to use general anesthesia. Only such a method of anesthesia will provide free access to the tooth in order to carry out the treatment in full.

The method of anesthesia is chosen individually for each child. It is necessary to take into account his age, possible concomitant diseases, parental wishes, and also how much the child is morally ready for treatment.

Dentists, as a rule, try to avoid the removal of milk teeth during treatment. Since this can lead to various complications: bite dysfunction, the growth of the molar tooth beyond the jaw arc, resorption of the root rudiment and much more. This is why it is necessary to approach the removal of the milk tooth with special responsibility.

There are several indications for removal:

  1. Dissociation of the root of the temporary tooth is more than half.
  2. High risk of complications.
  3. Previous unsuccessful attempts at standard treatment.
  4. Mobility of a sick tooth.
  5. Before the appearance of permanent teeth, about half a year remains.

Treatment of periodontitis of permanent teeth

To begin quality treatment of periodontitis on permanent teeth, the dentist should evaluate how much the tooth has a mature root. On multicorn teeth it is necessary to consider each root separately.

Treatment of chronic periodontitis on the teeth can be limited to one visit to the doctor or be delayed by several. One visit is sufficient for single-rooted teeth. Multicorns require a second visit to the doctor.

In the treatment of periodontitis temporary and permanent teeth, it is necessary to dissect the cavity and arch of the pulp chamber. Then, the affected periodontal tissues should be carefully removed from the root canals. After cleaning, the tooth should be sealed. If you need a repeat visit to the dentist, then instead of the filling in the tooth, drugs are put (antibiotics, enzymes). After a while they get it, finish the treatment and put a permanent seal.

With acute periodontitis, it is necessary to take antibiotics inside within three to five days. In the chronic form of the disease, the question of taking antibiotics is decided by the dentist individually for each client.

Forecast

In the prediction of a very important role played by the timeliness of treatment. If it is done on time, the probability of keeping the tooth is high enough. If the inflammation does not affect the bone tissue, then the prognosis is favorable.

Prevention of disease

First of all, in order to prevent the onset of periodontitis, it is necessary to undergo an annual checkup at the dentist. The revealed caries should be immediately cured to avoid complications.

Parents must necessarily struggle with the harmful habits of children (gnawing pens, pencils). This will help to avoid microtrauma in the oral cavity and prevent the development of periodontitis.

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