People's Commissariat is ... History of the organization. Directions of People's Commissariats

The People's Commissariat is the highest state administrative body. He intended to distribute control of individual branches of the national economy between the people's commissars (now ministers) and other government employees.

History of Education

Initially, the People's Commissariats were created in 1917 at the All-Russian Congress of Soviets. All newly created organizations were part of the Soviet government, which at that time was headed by Lenin VI.

In 1918, the Constitution of the RSFSR enshrined the system of People's Commissariats, which also explained what the "People's Commissariat", the deciphering of the abbreviation, purpose, functional, etc. Then there were 18 people's commissariats in all branches of the state.

Already in 1922, when the USSR was formed , many changes were made to this system. The number of commissariats was reduced to ten, but they covered the entire Soviet Union completely. Half of them became all-Union, and the other half - united. In 1923, the Regulations on People's Commissariats were issued, where points were written regarding the interaction of the people's commissariats of all the Union republics. The People's Commissariat, whose definition presupposed the full management of its industry, was now endowed with the authority to issue decrees, orders and instructions.

In 1936, the next changes in the constitutional system were also touched upon by the People's Commissariat - the transformation of the joint commissariats into union-republican ones. So ten Union republican and eight all-Union commissariats were formed. The developing national economy in the next ten years subject the People's Commissariats to another reshuffle. And in 1946 the new law changed the name of the commissariats, now the People's Commissariat is the Ministry.

Structure of the Commissariats

The People's Commissariat was the main body in the state administration of every single sphere of life in the USSR. At the head of the commissariat was the People's Commissar. All the commissars of the various People's Commissariats were combined in addition to the Council of People's Commissariats. In each union republic there were their People's Commissariats and the Soviets of People's Commissars.

Each People's Commissariat consisted of departments:

- on management of affairs;

- training of employees;

- on the legislative part;

- on financial matters;

- encryption of classified information;

- on the management of educational institutions;

- on legal issues.

The number of staff reached 150-170 people in each People's Commissariat.

Directions

Decree of 1917 defined the following areas of work of the People's Commissariats:

- internal affairs (or the NKVD);

- agriculture;

- Labor education;

- Military and naval affairs;

- enlightenment;

- Finance;

- relations with foreign countries;

- Advocacy;

- food;

- mail and telegraph;

- railway affairs.

In 1932 three more commissariats joined them: heavy, light and timber industry.

Salaries of people's commissars

The People's Commissariat is a part of the state management system, therefore, the salary of the top management should be high according to modern concepts. However, at that time things were different: in November 1917, Lenin signed a decree on the remuneration of the work of people's commissars and other civil servants.

Under this resolution, each People's Commissar received 500 rubles a month. If the composition of his family included disabled citizens (children, pensioners or disabled people), then for each such person a drug addict was paid 100 rubles each month. By all accounts, the income of the family of the People's Commissar was equal to the income of the average worker.

The People's Commissariat is the definition of the "ancestors" of the existing and functioning ministries, the structure and work of which has been preserved for a century and is undergoing only minor changes.