Methods of teaching history

The methodology of teaching the humanities in the last two decades has undergone significant changes. This is primarily due to the socio-political transformations that occurred at the turn of the 1990s. They were reflected in the methodology of teaching history - a key discipline, through which the consciousness of a citizen of the former Soviet Union was formed.

Today the teaching of history has radically changed. First of all, programs have changed in which a significant number of hours are devoted to domestic history, and the second - the attitude towards the student, as a subject of the learning process. From now on, it becomes not just a vessel that is filled with knowledge. He is actively involved in the lesson, becomes that "torch", which is able to ignite interest in the lesson, the subject. The method of teaching history in the school is based on involving the student in all forms of learning activity. To do this, the teacher has a variety of forms of teaching discipline, with which he must skillfully operate all the time allocated for studying the topic.

Now let us dwell on the key points that have acquired the method of teaching historical disciplines in recent times. First of all, it is the activity that is at the head of any lesson. The choice of this or that method depends on the goal pursued by the teacher, the psychological characteristics of the class, on the degree to which the children are willing to work in accordance with the methods, from the training skills with which they operate. To facilitate the perception of the material, you can use logic circuits, reference signals, and to activate cognitive activity - business games, creative labs, historical research.

When applying such innovations, children develop logic, perception of the new through associations, interest in any socio-political problems, skills of using the experimental base and solving new problems based on accumulated experience.

In order for the teaching methodology to become more active, the following methods can be applied.

1. Critical thinking. Events, personalities, phenomena can be criticized, in the course of which students learn not only to find negative, but also positive aspects.
2. Brainstorm. With him, students should express their opinions and suggestions on the problem immediately, almost without thinking. With these impulsive answers, they learn to distinguish from the set of possible solutions, even the most fantastic ones, those rational grains that are really worth attention.
3. Interrogating by chain - building up a series of decisions, among which the best are selected. In this case, the teacher can build a summary diagram on the board.

In order for the methodology of teaching history to become more lively and rich, interdisciplinary connections can be used with might and main. In the lessons, you can use communication primarily with literature, such works as Griboyedov's Woe from Wit, Gogol's The Inspector-General, Who Lives Well in Russia, Nekrasov.

To study major topics that are not included in a large volume in the program, you can create creative laboratories, the results of which will be presented in the lesson. When studying topics about war, one can analyze letters from the front, conduct historical studies of the NEP period, collectivization, and restructuring. In this case, you can collectively defend abstracts, work in mini-groups. As a result, the students defend their opinion, learn to be tolerant of the opinions of others, interest in the conversation and involve the interlocutor in it. Such new approaches do not allow children to be bored - in lessons they turn into judges of history, form a civil position in relation to events, which contributes to the education of a sense of pride for their Motherland.