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Park "Sofievsky", Uman. History of the park

Park "Sofievsky" (Uman) is a place known to many. Every year guests come here not only from Ukraine, but also from the near, and even far abroad. What attracts all these people here? Is there really a corner in the central part of the country that deserves such attention? It turns out, yes.

In general, it can be noted that in some ways Uman - Ukraine in miniature. Why? The thing is that you just have to find yourself in this place and you will see how diverse the nature of this region is: there seems to be anything you like - mountains and rivers, hidden under the earth caves and sunny meadows, unique trees and overgrown with succulent herbs Meadows. And in Ukraine there are kind, generous and very hospitable people who are ready to feed the traveler, show the way and provide all the information necessary for travel.

This article is aimed at telling in details about such an amazing place of the globe, as the park "Sofievsky" (Uman). The reader not only learns about where this territory is located, but also gets acquainted with the history of its occurrence. Among other things, valuable advice and recommendations will be given on what is worth visiting first.

Pearl of Cherkasy region

Uman, Sofiyivka, a unique park in Ukraine - these words, perhaps, have become synonymous for many avid travelers. And this, of course, is by no means an accident. Let's try to understand this question in detail.

First of all, it should be noted that Uman is a small town located in the heart of Ukraine, in the Cherkassy region, practically at an equal distance from the time of the two major cities in the cultural plan of the country - Kiev and Odessa.

In general, there are no particularly significant historical values, or unique architectural monuments. But still this place is visited annually by more than half a million tourists from all corners of the globe. What is the reason for such a demand? All due to the fact that here is one of the wonders of Ukraine - the arboretum "Sofiyivka", which is a true masterpiece of park art.

This part of the city literally from the first minutes amazes with its amazing landscapes, beautiful ponds, fantastic grottoes and fantastic sculptures. By the way, not everyone can guess that the park, located within a modest city called Uman (Ukraine), can be one of the most amazing corners of the world.

Sofiyivka is also one of the most romantic corners of its country. And this is not surprising, because this monument of landscape art in fact, not only was created in the name of love, but also remains its symbol for 200 years.

Sofiyivka of the Potocki times

Uman on the map of Ukraine is easy to find. This settlement is located just at the intersection of important trade routes, and it should be noted that this has always been the case since the very foundation of this town. Owning this information, no one will be surprised to learn that this transport hub was subsequently chosen for the construction of one of the residences of Count S. Potocki, the then famous merchant and landowner.

The tycoon founded a park on the territory of his possessions as far back as 1796. However, its solemn opening took place only in May 1800. The works were postponed several times because of the abundant floods of the next four years.

The very completion of the construction was timed to the name-day of the beloved wife of the Count - Sofia Glyavone-Witt Potocki. Strictly speaking, in honor of it the park got its name.

Initially, Ludwig Metzel, artillery officer, Potocki's nephew, was invited to the role of the chief architect of the future landscape masterpiece called Park Sophievsky (Uman). Known and the total cost of its arrangement, which at that time amounted to 2 million rubles. Silver.

In accordance with the very first plan, the entrance to the park was from the side of the greenhouse, and the composition of the complex passed along the riverbed. Wheatears. According to Metzel's project, the water system of the park was created from interconnected ponds, waterfalls, sluices and rivers, sculptures, grottoes of Venus, Nuts, Fear and Doubt, rocks of Lefkada and Tarpeyskaya.

After the death of S. Potocki, Sofiyivka inherited his eldest son from a marriage with Józefina Mniszek, namely, Jerzy (Yuri) Shensniy. But the heir gave way to the possession of the city of Uman and the park to his stepmother Sophia, with whom, they say, they had a long love affair. But he did it far not gratuitously, and in exchange for repaying his debts - 30 million zł.

In turn, because of the need to pay off the accumulated debts of a stepson and her husband (7.5 million zlotys), Sofia was forced in 1808 to offer for sale Uman to the Russian tsarist government. She even personally addressed such an offer to Alexander I. But at that time the deal did not take place.

Until 1813 the park "Sofievsky" (Uman) was kept in excellent condition, in this was a considerable merit of L. Metzel. However, after the latter left to work in Warsaw, Sofiyivka stopped receiving proper care and gradually fell into decay.

But, apparently, this corner was still laid under a lucky star. In 1815 in Paris the poem Zofiówka, written by the Polish writer Stanislav Trembetsky, is published. It is she who brings the park European fame and glory.

After a long illness on November 22, 1822, the owner of the Park Sofia died in Berlin, so the estate passed to her son Alexander. He returns "Sofiyivka" former beauty, complements it with stunning new works and even asks A. Andrzejewski to compile a detailed description of the flora of the park.

However, because of the suspicions of Alexander Potocki in connection with the Polish rebels, although he denied this fact in his personal correspondence, his lands after October 21, 1831 were sequenced by the Russian state.

Sofiyivka as Tsaritsyn Garden

In spite of everything, the park was still in the management of Alexander Potocki for more than a year, and only then it was transferred to the Kyiv State Treasury, and later to the gift of Alexandra Feodorovna from the loving spouse of the Emperor of All-Russia Nikolay I. In 1850, Instead of the pedestal of Tadeusz Kosciuszko, a statue of the queen is set up.

Thanks to the laying in 1838 st. Sadovaya, and then re-equipping it in the highway, the park becomes much more accessible to visitors and begins to actively develop. During this time, arbors are built, the source is ennobled, the main avenue, and at the central entrance two towers in the Gothic style are built, a pavilion is built on the island. Anti-Circe and the pergola of Flora.

A little later, on the orders of Nicholas I, the pavilion in the Gothic style was demolished, and instead of it a Renaissance-style building, designed by AI Stakenschneider, appears. Entrance towers are also being rebuilt, this time they are created in antique style. In addition, the grotto of Apollo falls asleep and there is an obelisk with a three-headed eagle and a splendid fountain called "Snake" is broken.

Park as the main school of gardening

At the direction of Emperor Alexander II in 1859, in a city called Uman, the Sofievsky Park, which has recently been very popular, is renamed the Uman Garden of the Main School of Horticulture. In this incarnation, it exists for several years.

In 1870, just as twenty years ago, the park again overtakes the flood - the dam of the Red Pond is eroding , and a huge water flow passes through the central part of the park. Destructions, of course, were, but fortunately, it was possible to avoid a complete catastrophe.

According to the project of Vasily Pashkevich, a unique arboretum is created here on the area of 2 hectares, but the main work is still aimed at maintaining the pearl of Uman in its original form.

It should be noted that in 1897 the area was 152 hectares, and the number of plant specimens reached 382 thousand.

The famous state reserve

The decision of the Council of People's Commissars of the Ukrainian SSR on May 18, 1929, concerned a city named Uman. "Sofievsky" Park, whose history is really fascinating and extraordinary, is declared a state reserve and is recognized as an independent organization. Although at the same time part of its territory still remains subordinate to the agrarian university.

In 1945, just after the war, it is again renamed, this time to the Umansky state reserve "Sofiyivka". And in 1946 considerable funds are already allocated for restoration. At this time, restore many architectural elements, statues and malls. On an area of 20 hectares a special hothouse corner is created, designed for breeding various kinds of plants and enriching the flora "Sofiyivka".

Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR in Sofiyivka

In 1955 Sofiyivka is a part of the Central Botanical Garden of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR. Then there is an increase in the area of the arboretum due to the lands of the Uman Mountain Committee, the agricultural institute and the military unit. Works on the improvement of the park are not stopping: the Pink Pavilion is being renovated, the fence of the central entrance is being replaced.

In 1956, all the sculptures in the park are replaced with copies, and the originals are transferred to the storage. The main alley is complemented by a source of Silver Streams.

April 4, 1980 "Sofievsky" Park (Uman) overtook the mudflow. Its traces can still be seen from the markings on the trees (approximately at a height of 3 m).

Modern arboretum "Sofiyivka"

After the disaster for 4 months, damage to 50 park objects was eliminated. At this time, the organization of the administrative and economic part of the park is also being carried out, the previously lost objects are being restored: the gazebo Gribok and Fr. The Aherusian.

January 23, 1991 "Sofievsky" Park receives the status of an independent institution within the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.

During the preparation for the celebration of the bicentennial of the dendrological park , an enormous work was carried out by the architect Yu. Kalashnik. For example, a pre-park ensemble was created, ponds were restored, some architectural elements were restored, in particular the sculpture of Eagle and the grotto of Apollo.

Relatively recently, on February 28, 2004, this object received its official name, and now it is called the National Dendrological Park "Sofiyivka".

What to see in the park first?

As already mentioned above, Uman on the map of Ukraine is seen quite clearly. So, having arrived in this country even for a short period of time, one can not but give a few hours to this unconditional masterpiece of landscape art.

On what to pay attention first of all? According to reviews of numerous travelers, in "Sofiyivka" first of all you should see such interesting objects as:

  • Fountain of Snake;
  • Tarpeian rock;
  • The grotto of Apollo;
  • Cretan labyrinth;
  • about. Anti-Circe;
  • The area of the Assembly;
  • Grotto of the Thetis;
  • Chinese gazebo;
  • Grotto of Calypso;
  • Great waterfall.

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