Museums in Moscow, which you must definitely visit: list, reviews. Military museums in Moscow

Muscovites themselves do not have time to follow the cultural life of the capital: new exhibitions and expositions are opened every week. But much greater interest is caused by collections of large museums, which travelers from all over the world seek to see.

Museums in Moscow, which must definitely visit:

1. Historical Museum.
2. The Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts.
3. Tretyakov Gallery.
4. Central Museum of the Armed Forces.
5. Bunker-42.
6. Borodino panorama.
7. The Darwin Museum.
8. Museum of retro cars.
9. Planetarium.

In fact, this list can be continued for at least twenty more lines, but it's simply impossible to tell about all interesting cultural objects in one article.

Historical Museum

The museum was founded by the order of Emperor Alexander II in 1872. For eleven years, the construction of the famous building on Red Square continued. Despite the wars, revolutions and coups, the collection continued to replenish. Today in the storerooms of this museum are stored more than 15 million historical documents and 5 million exhibits.

In 2006 the museum finished the creation of a permanent exposition. Now visitors can come into contact with the history of our country, beginning with Ancient Rus and ending with the beginning of the XX century - only 39 rooms. The collection contains many personal belongings belonging to the legendary commanders, rulers, public figures and political figures.

Some guests believe that the museum is difficult to navigate without a guide. The exposition is very interesting, but not for self-study. Disadvantages, for the most part, concern the organizational part:

• Commercial announcements sound loudly;
• In the exhibition halls there is the aroma of the kitchen from the restaurant.

It will not be boring

Like many state museums in Moscow, the Historical Museum keeps pace with the times. You can not touch valuable exhibits here, which children often want to do, but you can visit one of the unique theatrical excursions.

In the lecture hall of the museum, adult visitors participate in discussions, discussions and seminars, meet interesting people and ask their questions to experts. In addition, in October the project "Literary Lounges" started in the Historical Museum. This form of meetings carries participants during the XVIII - the first half of the XX century, when the aristocratic literary salons enjoyed enormous popularity.

Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts

The museums of Moscow, which are required to visit, are located in the heart of the capital. Historical Museum - on Red Square, and the Museum of Fine Arts. Pushkin - on the ancient street Volkhonka.

The opening of the museum took place in 1932. Special library, numismatic collection, casts from antique sculptures and vases from the collection of the Imperial Moscow University became the basis of the exposition. Later, the originals of works of culture and art of Ancient Egypt were purchased.

More than 670 thousand works of art are kept in the collection - modern museums in Moscow can not boast of such a volume. For visitors only a small part is available, but the exposition is constantly changing. Unfortunately, some of the rare paintings and sculptures will never be presented to the general public, because they require special storage conditions.

Tretyakov Gallery

We continue to talk about museums in Moscow. This list can not be imagined without the Tretyakov Gallery.

The founder of the collection - Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov in 1856 acquired two works by Russian artists Vasily Khudyakov ("The Clash with Finnish Smugglers") and Nikolai Shilder ("Temptation"). Five years earlier, the patron's family moved to a well-known building in Lavrushinsky Lane.

The Tretyakov collection was replenished quite quickly, and premises were needed for the demonstration and storage of works of art. For this reason, new premises were built on the residential part of the house, and in 1902-1904 the building acquired the famous facade, designed by Viktor Mikhailovich Vasnetsov.

The Tretyakov Gallery is distinguished from other museums by a collection of works by Russian artists dating from the second half of the 19th century. Vasnetsov, Repin, Serov, Kuindzhi, Levitan, Savrasov, Vrubel, Korovin and Shishkin - their names are known all over the world, but only the Muscovites and guests of the capital have a unique opportunity to see works of art live.

Visitors note the benevolent atmosphere, which is sometimes violated by strict "caretakers". Comfortable sofas are installed in the halls - this allows you to stay with your favorite artwork and just rest a little.

Central Museum of the Armed Forces

In the list of "Military museums in Moscow" the most important is the Central Museum of the Armed Forces, founded in 1919.

Documents, trophy and combat banners, awards, weapons, photo documents, personal belongings of soldiers and officers - more than a million valuable exhibits are stored in the funds. About 157 units of armored, rocket, artillery and naval equipment and armament are represented in the open air.

Military-historical museums in Moscow, in which it is necessary to visit children, will be interesting to everyone - from small to large. The complex, located at ul. The Soviet Army, 2, is of great importance in the process of educating the younger generation. Guest reviews tell about the modern interactive hall, where you can try on a military uniform, touch the weapon and even shoot from the bow.

Bunker

Samples of equipment, weapons and uniforms - military museums in Moscow, as a rule, have a similar exposition. In search of an unusual situation, go to the "Bunker-42".

"Cold War" historians today refer to relations between the USSR and the United States, which remained quite tense for 40 years. The arms race, including nuclear weapons, only aggravated the situation. The whole world was preparing for the outbreak of World War III, so the construction of bunkers for the first persons of the state was quite ordinary.

In the heart of the capital

For a special facility, "Bunker-42" was allocated a place in the Taganka area, next to the Kremlin. Its design was agreed upon after the first nuclear tests of the USSR. The construction of the bunker was entrusted to the best specialists of Metrostroi, which faced a difficult task - not to damage the city communications and not to draw unnecessary attention to the project.

From 1956 to 1986, from the bunker on Taganka, they were commanded by strategic bombers with nuclear weapons, and then the point was moved to another place. Today everyone can visit the "secret" facility.

Ventilating installations, warehouses, huge halls equipped with communication facilities, various branches of the command block - in the premises samples of equipment and weapons are presented, as well as a nuclear bomb model. A small documentary tells about the causes and consequences of the Cold War.

The guests of the museum note some obstacles that need to be overcome. For example, a ladder 18 stories down. And people who avoid close space, just do not plan an excursion to the "Bunker-42".

The Borodino Panorama

Another period of history is devoted to the panorama museum "The Battle of Borodino." The building at the end of Kutuzovsky Prospekt was built to mark the 150th anniversary of the legendary battle. This place was not chosen by chance, because it was here that the Old Smolensk road through the village of Fili, where in September 1812 the military council took place.

Choose a museum in Moscow, which you must definitely visit? The reviews enthusiastically tell about the unique panorama of the "Battle of Borodino". The author of the main exhibit was Franz Roubaud. Despite the French origin, the battle-artist always considered himself Russian. The legendary canvas was created by order of the military department in 1912.

With the advent of Soviet power for the work of art, hard times began. First, in 1918, the building of the museum was demolished on the Clean Ponds, and the canvas "moved" into storage areas and cellars that were not adapted for storage. Then they planned to remove the paint and use it in the national economy. Fortunately, this was avoided. The work of Roubaud was restored, and the new building of the museum was opened in 1962.

Over time, the panorama keepers managed to collect a rather large exposition telling about the Patriotic War of 1812. Part of the collection is dedicated to Field Marshal Kutuzov: personal belongings, portraits and books with his biography. Showcase "Bulwark of the Fatherland" introduces guests to the life of Russian officers - here you can see the weapons and uniforms of infantry, cavalry and artillery.

According to the guests' reviews, the value of the "Borodino Panorama" is not only in unique exhibits. The enthusiastic tour guides generously share historical facts that evoke a sense of pride for their homeland.

The Darwin Museum

Looking for museums in Moscow, where you need to visit with children? In the State Darwin Museum will be interesting for kids and adults.

Since childhood, the founder of the museum, Alexander Fedorovich Kotts, showed an interest in nature. At the age of 19, Cotes went to the first expedition, where he received an incredible amount of impressions from the beauties of Western Siberia, and began to develop taxidermy. The first stuffed birds formed the basis of the future collection.

A little later Alexander Fedorovich got acquainted with the zoologist Friedrich Lorenz, who owned the best taxidermy workshop in Moscow. Stuffed, made from Lorentz, acquired almost all the famous zoological museums of the Old World. Cotts not only gained experience, but also tried to replenish his own meeting, despite a rather modest financial situation. Alexander Fedorovich Kotts literally "by bit" was collecting a collection, which is equal to today does not exist.

"Know thyself - know the world"

A year ago the interactive center "Know yourself - know the world" began its work in the museum. Here, natural exhibits in combination with the latest technologies will introduce young guests to the variety of plants and animals that live on our planet.

A huge number of emotions and impressions will remain with you after the visit - this should be the kind of museums in Moscow you need to visit. Visitors are advised to plan a trip to the Darwin Museum for a full day to get the most out of the excursion.

In the style of retro

Retro museums in Moscow take us back to the past. Best of all, according to visitors, the museum in Rogozhsky Val, where old cars are assembled, is managing this task .

In the building of the former car depot since 2003, a unique collection is presented, which continues to be continuously replenished. Its keepers are ready to give a second life to cars from private collections, regardless of their condition. Exhibits in the museum tell us about the technical progress, the development of science and fashion trends of past times.

In one of the halls the entire "color" of the domestic automobile industry is exposed: IZH, Moskvich, GAZ and ZAZ. Visitors can see ZIS-101. The first car of the representative class, created in the Soviet Union, was equipped with radio, a thermostat, a heated cabin and details from a rare beech variety.

Almost all the museums in Moscow, which you must definitely visit, have huge storages. In the Museum of retro cars in total there are 260 units. You can see them yourself or find out more interesting details with the help of a guide. In addition, the curators of the collection offer to visit one of the thematic excursions.

Planetarium

Who among us in my childhood did not dream of becoming an astronaut? Even if you chose a different profession - do not despair, but rather look into the "star" museums in Moscow. The list is headed by the Planetarium.

The largest dome in Europe, where you can see the stars, is in the capital. Hall area of 1000 square meters. M is equipped with a unique optical fiber projector of the starry sky, showing guests more than 9 thousand flickering stars.

The halls of the Urania Museum are dedicated to the history of the development of methods and tools for cognizing the universe, as well as the history of the Planetarium itself. A special place in the exposition is occupied by "aliens" from the Cosmos - meteorites. These stones, at different times found on the surface of the planet, have become sources of priceless information. By the way, visitors note that meteorites are in the public domain - this means that you can touch them and make a wish.

In the ticket offices of the Planetarium, huge queues are still being built, so it is especially important to purchase tickets through the official website of the museum. Most of all positive reviews received films about the space, which show all the guests.

The list of "Museums of Moscow, where you must visit" is not limited to several dozens of cultural sites. Do not spare the time and energy to discover something new!