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Language families, their education and classification

Language families are a term used to classify peoples by language. The language family includes languages that have related ties to each other.

A related relationship is manifested in the similarity of the sounding of words denoting the same thing, and also in the similarity of such elements as morphemes and grammatical forms.

According to the theory of monogenesis, the language families of the world were formed from the proto-language on which the ancient peoples spoke. The division was due to the predominance of the nomadic way of life of the tribes and their remoteness from each other.

Language families are divided as follows.

Name of the language family

Languages in the family

Regions of distribution

Indo-European

Hindi

India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Fiji

Urdu

India, Pakistan

Russian

Countries of the former USSR and Eastern Europe

English

USA, Great Britain, Countries of Europe, Canada, South America, Africa, Australia

German

Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein, Switzerland, Belgium, Luxembourg, Italy

French

France, Tunisia, Monaco, Canada, Algeria, Switzerland, Belgium, Luxembourg

Portuguese

Portugal, Angola, Mozambique, Brazil, Macao

Bengal

Bengal, India, Bangladesh

Altai

Tatar

Tatarstan, Russia, Ukraine

Mongolian

Mongolia, PRC

Azerbaijani

Azerbaijan, Dagestan, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Turkey, the countries of Central Asia

Turkish

Turkey, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Romania, USA, France, Sweden

Bashkir

Bashkortostan, Tatarstan, Urdmutia, Russia.

Kyrgyz

Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Afghanistan, PRC

The Urals

Hungarian

Hungary, Ukraine, Serbia, Romania, Slovakia, Croatia, Slovenia

Mordovian

Mordovia, Russia, Tatarstan, Bashkortostan

Evenk

Russia, China, Mongolia

Finnish

Finland, Sweden, Norway, Karelia

Karelian

Karelia, Finland

Caucasian

Georgian

Georgia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Iran

Abkhazian

Abkhazia, Turkey, Russia, Syria, Iraq

Chechen

Chechnya, Ingushetia, Georgia, Dagestan

Sino-Tibetan

Chinese

China, Taiwan, Singapore

Thai

Thailand

Laotian

Laos, Thailand,

Siamese

Thailand

Tibetan

Tibet, China, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Pakistan

Burmese

Myanmar (Burma)

Afro-Asian

Arab

Arab countries, Iraq, Israel, Chad, Somalia,

Hebrew

The Berber

Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Niger, Egypt, Mauritania

From this table it can be seen that the languages of one family can be distributed in a wide variety of countries and parts of the world. And the very concept of "language families" is introduced to facilitate the classification of languages and the compilation of their genealogical tree. The most widespread and numerous is the Indo-European family of languages. Peoples speaking the languages of the Indo-European family can be found in any hemisphere of the Earth, in any part of the world, on any continent and in any country. There are also languages that do not include any language family. These are dead languages and artificial.

If we talk about the territory of Russia, then there are a variety of language families. The country is inhabited by people of more than 150 different nationalities, who can consider their native language almost from every language family. Are distributed territorially language families of Russia depending on with what country borders this or that region, what language is most widespread in the country bordering with region.

Some nationalities from ancient times occupied a certain territory. And at first glance it may seem strange why it is these language families and languages that predominate in this region. But there is nothing strange in this. In ancient times, the migration of people was caused by the search for new hunting grounds, new land for agriculture, and part of the tribes simply led a nomadic way of life. An important role is played by forced relocations of entire peoples in the days of the USSR. Most fully in Russia are languages from the Indo-European, Uralic, Caucasian and Altai families. The Indo-European family occupies Western and Central Russia. Representatives of the Uralic family of languages live mainly in the north-west of the country. The north-east and southern regions are predominantly Altaic language groups. The Caucasian languages are represented mainly in the territory lying between the Black and Caspian seas.

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