Development of the automotive industry. Ancient machines.

Cars flooded the planet. They pursue a person, crossing the oceans, transported by trains. Every moment approaching its owner, who already, counting money, looks at the garage at the same time.

You know perfectly well what a representative car means for its owner. Having the keys to the car in your pocket, anyone can feel solid.

All this man has received thanks to the evolution of engineering. No, cars were not from the very beginning as good as they are today. They improved, improved. In inventing new technologies, they eliminated certain shortcomings that the machines of that time were ill with.

Antique machines

It is difficult to imagine, but something like the car was created in the XVII century. Of course, in our understanding this is not a machine. It was a device of small dimensions, created especially for the emperor of China. Unfortunately for him, he did not manage to get into this creation. A special feature of this toy was the steam engine. It is believed that this invention is the first car on the steam engine.

The oldest cars were something like a children's bicycle with three wheels. Unless the sizes were much more, and, certainly, there was an engine, moreover and internal combustion. Gaseous mixtures were used instead of liquid fuel. Only in 1870, placing a fuel tank on an ordinary cart, Siegfried Marcus went down in history as the first person to use gasoline on a vehicle.

The beginning of mass production of cars

At the beginning of the XX century autoconcerns began to produce cars, so-called old cars. France achieved the greatest progress among its competitors. Thus, in 1903 more than 30,000 cars were built, which accounted for 48% of the total number of cars produced all over the world. The United States, in turn, was the leader in the number of people using the car.

Progress

Let's try to figure out which models "moved" the progress, turned all the auto industry upside down. So, old cars, the names of which embodied all the innovations of designers:

"Mercedes Simplex" 1902 issue: different from its predecessors
Four-cylinder engine. The maximum power, which was given to this model, was calculated in 33 horsepower. The introduction of ball bearings, gas adjustment was done manually. The transmission consisted of 4 front stages and one rear. At a mass of 900 kg, the arrow of the accelerometer reached a mark of 80 km / h.

"Oldsmobile Kavd Dash" (1902): this car weighing 320 kg did not possess such a magnificent engine as the previous exhibit. The maximum that a single-cylinder four-stroke engine could boast of is a horsepower of 4.5 horses. Also, "Kavd Dash" had a two-speed gearbox.

Its price against the background of the other four-wheel was very modest. It is noteworthy that Oldsmobile was a pioneer in the production of cars in large series. And their creation of the 43A series has long been a model of successful innovative solutions. Forced water cooling of the closed cycle was first applied to this model.

"Rolls-Royce Silver Gost": was nicknamed so thanks to reporters. The latter watched the incredible ordeal that fell on the wheels of Silver Gosta: it was to pass 15,000 miles. With an attractive exterior, the car reached a speed of 120 km / h. The engine worked very quietly. Equipped with a six-cylinder engine with a capacity of 48 l / s. The box consisted of four steps.

Let's return to the test. The route of Glasgow in London. The quality of the road on it for a long time would have dreamed in terrible dreams for modern motorists. 48 days the test drive continued. Finally, after overcoming the test, the technical commission approved the issuance of the certificate. This document was more effective than advertising. After this event the concern managed to sell about 8 thousand copies in total.

The ancient machines that influenced the general auto-progress, in no way end on this short list. In fact, almost every brand introduced something new or improved what it already was.

Domestic automotive industry

So we came to the most interesting. Meet - the old cars of the USSR. Of course, here there are no such significant achievements and great breakthroughs as those of Western concerns. In the Soviet Union there was no such quantity of cars. It is noteworthy that in the middle of the twentieth century one machine accounted for one Soviet man out of 200. Meanwhile in America every second was a happy owner of a car. Prior to World War II, freight vans dominated the country. Personal car had only representative persons. The ordinary Soviet man did not have to count on comfort at the wheel - the only way to get a car were lottery tickets.

"Victory" and company

After the end of the Great Patriotic War, the development of the automobile industry began. The commission of Stalin gave impetus to the creation of new cars that meet modern requirements.

Soon there is a car "Victory". Initially, the designers intended to give the car the name "Homeland": Stalin did not like this option at all. Having reconsidered the possible options, they chose the only correct one.

"Victory" cost 16,000 rubles - an unreasonable price for many at that time. The average salary of the worker was about 400 rubles. "Moskvich-401" at the price of 9000 rubles looks more affordable. Despite this, "Victory" was a truly ideal, a dream car.

"Muscovites" gained popularity in the early 60-ies. New series of these wonderful machines found their customers. Popularity of "Moskvich" went off scale. Being a hit of his time, he was still adored for all.

They found their customers and Zaporozhets. Differing at a low price, they were somewhat unusual: the design implied the location of the engine in place of the trunk. The luggage compartment, which was located at the beginning of the body, was small in size, so it was not necessary to count on transportation of relatively large items. "Zaporozhets" performed an important function - aroused a smile among passers-by.

Old cars and to this day receive a lot of attention. Their value as rarities with time only increases.

Machines from the past in modern times

Everyone knows that in our time there are plenty of collectors. They come in different colors: someone likes to collect rare coins. Someone appreciates the fine arts, buying up pictures of outstanding authors. But here, too, there were people who respected old cars. Prices usually do not have significant significance for fans of rare vehicles. Ready to lay out a round sum at any time, they are waiting for the "legend".

Reconstruction of such cars, giving them the original look and subsequent sale, bring a huge income to the auto repair shop. The cost can exceed the price of a solid modern car.

Proceeding from this, it is possible to conclude with confidence: the retro car will never lose its admirers. There will always be lively discussions, hysterical arguments - the cause of the origins that gave rise to the progress that in the present century is considered the norm.