Main types of public organizations and their functions

Public organizations occupy a very important place both in the political system of the country and in ensuring the independence of its inhabitants. Every person in Russia has the right to establish a public association of any kind, the exception is not a professional union for the protection of interests.

This right is established in the Constitution of the Russian Federation, article 30. Russia is a country that has a democratic state regime, therefore freedom of public organizations and unions is guaranteed. No one has the right to force a person to join an organization, this happens solely by the will of the citizen himself.

By creating public organizations, people can not wait for the consent of public authorities. Such organizations can be registered, in this case they will receive the status of a legal entity. However, the process of state registration is not necessary, associations can exist without it.

There are different types of public organizations: sports associations, mass movements, trade unions, political parties, scientific associations, youth and disabled unions, creative associations, etc. First, we need to understand the notion of "public organization".

What is a public association?

This term refers to a voluntary non-profit formation based on the initiative of people who have united to achieve common goals. At the moment, the activities of such organizations are coordinated by the Federal Law "On Public Associations" of May 19, 1995.

In other words, a public organization is a union of people, created on the basis of their interests and on the principle of voluntary membership. Such organizations have their limitations:

• It is impossible to organize armed groups;
• It is necessary to comply with the legislation of the
• Not to violate the territorial unity of the state.

To the attributes of associations can be attributed voluntariness, the action is strictly in accordance with the charter and non-commercial nature. In modern conditions, such a union as a public organization has become very popular. The concept is very interesting to historians and politicians.

Organizational and legal forms of public associations

According to one of the articles of the Federal Law "On Public Associations", the following types of such organizations are distinguished, which can be based on legal forms:

• A social movement is an association founded to achieve political and social goals. Members of the social movement do not have membership;
• A public foundation is one of the types of non-profit associations whose members do not have membership. The main purpose of this association is the creation of property, based on voluntary contributions and other income not inconsistent with the legislation of the country;
• Public institution - union, also not having membership, its main purpose is to provide certain services;
• The body of public initiative is an association whose members do not have membership. The main purpose of the body is to solve a certain kind of problems that arise in people at the place of residence and study;
• Political party - participating in the formation of government bodies and expressing the political will of members of a public organization.

Classification of public associations

In addition to unions that differ in legal form, there are also other features of their classification. The main types of public organizations were listed above. Now other types and forms of such organizations will be considered. Types of public organizations, associations in accordance with the degree of participation in the struggle for power:

• Having a non-political orientation, that is, they do not set themselves the goal of participating in the struggle for power and do not try to change the political relations in the country;
• Having a political orientation, that is, those associations that are active participants in the struggle for power and use certain means for this.

In accordance with the attitude of associations to the present system:

• Conservative;
• Reformist;
• Revolutionary;
• Counterrevolutionary.

Kinds of public organizations of the Russian Federation on methods of action:

• Legal;
• Illegal;
• Formal;
• Informal.

And, finally, the following associations distinguish the scale of activity:

• International;
• Regional;
• Local character.

Duties and functions of public organizations

What should public organizations do? Types, functions of these associations, despite the seeming simplicity, have repeatedly raised doubts and disputes. Duties and functions are slightly different concepts. First, you need to consider the responsibilities of public organizations:

• The main thing is the following of the legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as the generally recognized norms and principles of international law;
• Annually publish a report on the property or provide access to it;
• Every year to inform the state authorities about their intention to continue their activities, it is necessary to indicate the founders of the association, as well as the address of permanent residence;
• Give the authorities the right to familiarize themselves with the organization's charter;
• To inform the state authorities on the receipt and use of funds from foreign organizations.

Now we need to go over to the functions of public organizations:

• The orientation of a person towards specific goals, that is, socialization and mobilization;
• Inclusion of people in the system of politics through cooperation or conflict;
• Creation of new non-traditional political structures;
• Representation of social interests.

The main activities of the public organization

As already mentioned, the voluntary association enters into a voluntary association, and proceeding from this fact, it can be concluded that the activities of organizations are aimed at their improvement and prosperity. The governing bodies are based here through elections. The activities of a public organization can be useful not only for its participants, but also for other people who are not members of the organization.

Types of public organizations play a major role in setting the tasks of associations. There are several types of tasks that determine the direction of the organization. Public associations can serve the interests of entrepreneurs and commercial organizations, employees and employees, as well as promote the ideas of religious, political and other organizations.

Types of activity of public organizations are allocated depending on the type of association. The activities of business and professional organizations include work to promote the interests of both members of commercial associations and ordinary employees.

The types of activity of trade unions include:

• Activities to protect the interests of employees and members of the association;
• Activities of organizations whose members are interested in protecting their interests on wage and working conditions;
• Other actions of trade unions of various organizations, which are established by sectoral or structural features.

The activities of other associations include the actions of all organizations (other than business and trade unions) that protect the interests of participants. The types of activity of public organizations included in this group are presented below:

• The activity of religious associations, which consists in spreading the faith and sharing its confession;
• Actions of political parties, movements, associations, the main purpose of which is the formation of people's opinion through the dissemination of information;
• The activities of non-political organizations that also shape people's opinions, but through educational activities, the collection of necessary funds, etc.;
• Actions of groups of creative direction, for example, clubs of book lovers, historical circles, music and art associations;
• Activity of various unions of motorists, consumers, acquaintances;
• Activity of patriotic associations, unions for the protection of social groups.

Non-Profit Organizations

Such an association can be created to solve the problems of education, health, science and culture. A non-profit organization is an association whose members do not have membership based on voluntary contributions from citizens and legal entities. There are a lot of different types of such organizations, here the most basic ones will be considered. Types of non-profit public organizations:

1. Fund. This is the most common form of non-profit association. Its purpose is to solve social, cultural or other problems by collecting property contributions. The Fund has its own characteristics that distinguish it from other organizations of this type. There is no membership here, which means that the members of this organization can not manage the fund. This association is the owner of its property, and its governing bodies are not liable for its debts.
2. Charitable Foundation. This is an organization created to collect property contributions for charity. Such a fund has a statute regulating its activities. As a rule, the charity fund finds a sponsor, and he becomes its founder. It can be either a state or an enterprise, or any individual. If there is no such sponsor, the fund itself earns money in various ways.
3. Union (association). It is a non-profit organization founded by the association of several legal entities. According to the legislation of the Russian Federation, the union excludes the simultaneous presence of commercial and non-commercial organizations. Associations are created to represent the interests of companies and to coordinate their activities.
4. Consumer cooperative. It is an association of citizens and (or) legal entities on a voluntary basis, the main purpose of which is to meet the different needs of its shareholders. Shareholders are people who have made a share contribution and are members of the association. As shareholders of the consumer cooperative can act as ordinary citizens, and legal entities.
5. Religious association. This is a union of people, which was founded with the purpose of joint worship and its spread. The signs of a religious association include teaching their followers, performing services, worship. Only individuals can be members of such an association.

Public association of labor

This cooperation is an alliance of people who have united to obtain the necessary product of production through joint efforts. More often than not, the social organization of labor has two directions: legal and technical. The right is called upon to regulate social relations in the labor process. The technical direction consists in the rules of working on the necessary product.

Currently, there are almost no different types of such an organization in its pure form, since all types of labor associations are history. Types of social organization of labor:

• Primitive-communal;
• Slave-owning;
• feudal;
• capitalist;
• socialist.

As already noted, these types are all formal and practically do not occur in the modern world.

Physical culture and sports organizations

These associations can be treated as a type of non-profit organizations, and to the type of commercial organizations. These organizations are called upon to develop physical culture and sports among various groups of people, create all necessary conditions for strengthening the health of those participating in sports competitions, provide supplies that are necessary for training.

Due to the deterioration in the health of citizens in recent years, athletic and sports organizations have become very popular. They will be able to raise the level of physical culture of people, and with it health.

Commercial associations of this type allocate profit as the main goal and can be created in the form of various partnerships, unitary enterprises, and so on.

Non-profit associations do not set the goal of learning profit. First of all, they are designed to meet the needs of citizens. The income that such an organization has is not distributed among its members, but goes to the fulfillment of the necessary tasks.

Types of public sports organizations are quite diverse. Among them:

• Sports clubs that function on an independent basis in various institutions;
• Children's sports schools run by public authorities;
• Scientific associations in the field of physical culture and sports;
• All-Russian sports organizations;
• Olympic Committee of the country.

Socio-political organizations

The peculiarity of such associations is that they do not belong to state organizations, but to some extent belong to the political system of the country. These can be both organizations that directly influence political decisions in the country, as well as associations that do not have strict organization and structure.

The main goal of such associations is to influence the authorities, however, as a rule, the socio-political organization of power, as such, does not achieve it. The main principles of socio-political association are the voluntary and solidarity of members. There is a huge classification of such associations. Here the main types of socio-political organizations will be examined.

In accordance with the attitude towards the existing system:

• Conservative;
• Liberal;
• Revolutionary.

By degree of organization:

• Poorly organized;
• Highly organized;
• Spontaneous;
• Scattered.

By scales of action:

• International;
• Regional;
• Republican;
• Local.

State public organizations

Such associations are not the most popular and exist in small numbers. Types of public organizations are presented below.

State Corporation. This is an organization that does not have membership, and is created by the Russian Federation on the basis of a property contribution. The goal is to perform socially useful functions. The state corporation is created in accordance with the Federal Law, and all property is in its ownership. This organization uses its property for good purposes, as defined by law.

A budgetary institution is an organization founded by public authorities to achieve socio-cultural, scientific, technical and other purposes. The activity of this organization is financed from the corresponding budget.

Conclusion

Types of public organizations include a huge number of different associations, and each of them has its own peculiarities, advantages and disadvantages. But all organizations have the same principles of creation, among which there are: voluntariness, equality before the law, legality, accessibility of information, publicity of activity, self-management.

If a citizen seeks to express his views and share them with other people, there is an excellent solution - a social organization. The concept, types of such associations can easily be found in the Constitution and Federal laws of the Russian Federation. All public organizations contribute to the formation and development of certain principles and movements. In a democratic country, the existence of such organizations once again emphasizes human freedom.