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Ipatiev House in Yekaterinburg. The execution of the royal family in the house of the Ipatievs

Ekaterinburg became famous throughout the world as a city in which the Bolsheviks ruthlessly shot down the family of Emperor Nicholas II. The place of the last imprisonment and execution of the monarch, his wife and children was chosen the house of Ipatiev. The address by which it was located (Voznesensky Prospekt, 49/9), today many local residents remember, but it's not all that can tell how the building looked like. And this is not surprising, because the house, in which the royal family spent the rest of their lives, was demolished in 1977. Today it is reminded only of old photographs and rare exhibits in museums in Yekaterinburg.

Strange coincidence

Studying the history of the Russian royal family, you can notice an interesting fact. Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich, who became the founder of the Romanov dynasty, was proclaimed ruler of Russia in March 1613 after a ritual performed at the Ipatiev Monastery near Kostroma. Well, what will be written next, causes many bewilderment. The last representative of the same royal family, Nicholas II, together with his entire family in July 1918, was killed in the Ipatievsky house in Yekaterinburg. After this, the Romanov dynasty ceased to exist.

Why Ipatievsky mansion?

The same name of the monastery, in which Mikhail Fedorovich was blessed on the reign, and the houses where Nicholas II and his family were shot were considered a mere coincidence during the Soviet era. But is this really so? Modern historians are sure that the Bolsheviks chose Ipatiev Nikolai Nikolayevich's house as a place of execution for a reason, and give weighty arguments to prove their theory.

After the abdication in March 1917 from the throne, the last Russian emperor and his family were exiled to Tobolsk. Nothing hindered the Bolsheviks from dealing with the monarch hated by him in this Siberian city, but for some reason they took him to Yekaterinburg. Despite the large number of buildings, for the execution was elected an unremarkable house engineer Ipatiev. Some modern historians believe that the reason for this choice was the acquaintance of Nikolai Nikolayevich with Peter Voikov, the commissar of the Ural Bolshevik Council, who was directly involved in the organization of the execution of the royal family.

In 1913 in Russia, the 300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty was solemnly celebrated, and the Ipatievsky Monastery was one of the main centers for the celebrations. His name was at everyone's ears, therefore, when the Bolsheviks chose the Ipatievs' house in Yekaterinburg as the place of execution of the monarch's family, they most likely did it deliberately and purposefully, endowing the forthcoming murder with a certain symbolism.

The first owners of the mansion

The ill-fated house was built in the late 80-ies of the XIX century mining engineer, State Counselor Ivan Redkortsev. The place for his future estate he chose the western slope of the Ascension Hill. The house was built taking into account the terrain. Its eastern side was one-story. Here were the main entrance to the building, rooms and a basement with an exit leading to the south facade of the manor. The western side of the house consisted of two floors and a veranda. The width of the building was 18 m, and the length was 31 m. It was built according to the latest technology: it had electricity, running water, sewerage and telephone communication. The rooms of the house looked rich: their walls were decorated with stucco molding and cast-iron casting, and the ceiling was painted with art.

Redikortsev was not destined to remain the owner of the mansion for long. Because of financial problems in 1898, he sold the estate to the gold miner Sharaviev. Ten years later the house was again replaced by the owner, this time it was the civil engineer Nikolai Ipatiev. His family settled in the rooms on the second floor. In the premises located at the bottom of the building, Ipatiev opened his office for contract work.

Arrival of the royal family in the estate

On the orders of the Ural Council in April 1918 the house of the Ipatievs was requisitioned. The Bolsheviks gave the owner 2 days to leave the mansion. Since Nikolai Nikolayevich was not in Yekaterinburg at this time, his personal belongings were demolished in a storeroom located near the basement, where a few months later the Romanovs were shot. After the requisition, the estate was surrounded by a double fence, guard posts were installed throughout its territory, and a sentry was put in front of the entrance. From this time and until the very execution of the tsar, the Bolsheviks called the estate a special purpose house.

The arrested monarch and his family were brought to the Ipatievs' house in Yekaterinburg on the last day of April 1918. Together with them, 5 people came to the house of the engineer: the doctor E. Botkin, the waiter A. Trupp, the maid A. Demidova, the cook I. Kharitonov and his assistant L. Sednev. Nicholas II with his wife and children was placed in two neighboring rooms located in the eastern wing of the building. Immediately under these premises was a basement. In the dining room, the empress's chambermaid was lodged, and in the hall there was a doctor and a footman. The building was equipped with several posts with guard. To go to the restroom or the bathroom, the prisoners of the House of Special Purpose had to pass by the guard.

Shooting

In the estate of Ipatyev, members of the royal family together with the servants spent the last 78 days of their lives. In the late evening of July 16, 1918 the Romanovs went to bed, as usual, at 22.30. At night they were awakened and ordered to go down to the basement of Ipatiev's house. When all seven members of the Romanov family, as well as four servants (the assistant cook, L. Sedneva, was not among them, since he was removed from the mansion from the day before) were in the basement, they read the sentence and immediately afterwards were shot.

The further destiny of the house

A few days after the execution of the Romanovs, the White Guards entered Yekaterinburg. The house again passed into the ownership of Ipatiev, but he lived in it quite a bit and emigrated from the country. After that the headquarters of the commander of the Siberian army, General Radola Gayda, was located in the mansion. A year later the city again came under the control of the Bolsheviks. The house of the Ipatievs became the headquarters of the Red Army.

In subsequent years, the mansion housed various offices. In 1927-1938 the Museum of Revolution was opened there. His visitors were shown not only the premises of the house, but also the basement in which the Romanovs were executed. In the 1930s, the mansion was turned into an anti-religious and cultural-educational museum, then to the Council of Atheists, a branch of the Institute of Culture, and a party archive. During the war in the Ipatiev House, the exposition of the Hermitage evacuated from Leningrad was kept. In the postwar period, the party archives were reopened in it, then the building was handed over to the Regional Department of Culture, and the training center was opened here. In one of the parts of the mansion, the Soyuzpechat administration was located. In the basement of the house was equipped with a warehouse. In 1974, the building became one of the historical monuments of all-Russian significance.

Demolition of the building

In the mid-seventies of the 20th century, the government of the USSR was greatly concerned about the increased attention of foreigners to the house of engineer Ipatiev. In 1978, two round dates were immediately announced: the 110th anniversary of the birth of Nikolai Romanov and the 60th anniversary of his murder. In order to avoid the excitement around the house of Ipatiev, the chairman of the KGB, Yuri Andropov, made a proposal for his demolition. The final decision on the destruction of the mansion was taken by Boris Yeltsin, then holding the post of first secretary of the Sverdlovsk Regional Committee of the Communist Party.

House Ipatiev, standing for almost 90 years, razed to the ground in September 1977. To do this, the destroyers took 3 days, a bulldozer and a sharbaba. The pretext for the destruction of the building was the planned reconstruction of the city center. Today, on a place where once stood the mansion of Ipatyev, the Temple-on-Blood rises. The townspeople built it in memory of the murdered emperor and members of his family.

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