Inoculation of apple trees on wild game: terms. How to plant apple tree in wild game

It's not so easy to buy a good apple-tree. Often in the markets, wild plants are sold under the guise of varietal, and even in specialized stores they can be confused. The second nuance - good varieties are usually designed for a warm, southern climate, and in cooler regions freeze. Nobody wants to grow a apple-tree for several years, which at one point will freeze. Therefore, the last option remains - grafting apple trees on wild game. This is not an easy task, you will have to try it many times before your grafts start to take root and grow, but this skill gives unlimited possibilities for your garden.

The rootstock is the number one task

The apple-tree is grafted onto the game if there is a good and strong plant. It will provide the cultural apple tree with nutrients due to a powerful root system. If you already have a wild apple tree in your summer cottage , it will serve as a stock. You can ask around the neighbors, gardeners, for sure, one of them on the site has the root of the old apple tree, which lost the cultural part, and from under the graft appeared sprouts of wild trees. It is enough to dig them out and give the opportunity to take root in a permanent place of residence.

We'll tell you one secret: grafting an apple tree on a wild pear is much more successful than a similar plant. Therefore, if you have the opportunity to plant a wild pear on the site, be sure to use it.

Growing of rootstock from sunflower seeds

This is a long process, but if you do not plan to vaccinate in the near future, but want to have a good stock on the site, then it is worth planting several trees for these purposes. For collection of seeds, winter-resistant, local varieties of apple trees are best suited. Seeds are harvested from ripe fruits harvested in autumn. It is advisable to take the largest and most beautiful.

Seeds taken from fruits are well washed and thoroughly dried. If the collection takes place in the fall, then the seeds should be removed until about the middle of January. Then stratification is waiting for them, for this seed must be poured with river sand and put on the lower shelf of the refrigerator. Replace stratification procedure can be sowing on a bed. From autumn choose a convenient place and seal the seeds to a depth of 3-4 cm. They will lie under the snow all winter, and in the spring they will give amicable shoots. Until autumn they will turn into small, but strong seedlings.

Annual seedlings

We are still talking about how to grow a wild apple for vaccination. The first summer has passed, the seedlings have grown stronger, now they need to be identified to the main place. In another two years they will turn into real young trees, to which cultivated plants can be planted. By this time you need to have time to prepare a graft. For this, you need beautiful ripe fruits of the kind that you want to grow on your site. The procedure for growing is absolutely identical with the one we described above. Only time will need a little less. If you sow seeds in autumn in the garden, then by the next autumn they will become thin seedlings, and a year later - real cuttings. Since the rootstock is already sufficiently strong, the grafting of apple trees on wild game can go quite successfully.

Reproduction of apple trees by cuttings

The apple tree is grafted into the wild in spring, when there is a ready-made stock and a suitable stalk. As a first, a young seedling or a plant grown from seeds will do. An excellent option will be a wild apple tree grown on nature. This option is better than all the others, because a wild tree is most adapted to the climatic conditions of your region.

It is not necessary to grow the seed for a long time from the seeds, you can buy it on the market, where it sells varietal seedlings, and even easier - cut off a tree from someone you know. The rest is a matter of technology. However, one must not only know how to plant the apple tree , but also have sufficient skills. Perhaps someone from your friends has already done this procedure and will be able to help you.

Preparation of the cuttings

Inoculation of apple trees in spring on wild game should occur in one day. That is, strong twigs or annual shoots should be prepared on the same day when you are going to perform the procedure. Do not store too much material on the scion, assess your abilities and the time reserve. After the stalk is cut from the mother plant, all the leaves are removed from it, leaving only a part of the petioles. Further manipulations depend on the chosen technique. In order for you to be more easily identified, we will describe the most basic types of vaccinations that you can use.

Fundamental rules

Now we'll talk in more detail about how to plant the apple tree with wildlife. However, first, we emphasize the importance of observing several rules. First: no matter what the time of vaccination, the stalk, that is, the graft, should have kidneys that did not begin to develop. To comply with this rule, they are harvested in November / March and stored in the refrigerator or cellar at the temperature of +2 ... -4 ^o C. When is the apple plant vaccinated in spring for wildlife? Terms dictate the second rule, which says that you need to vaccinate, when the sap flow begins. In this case, in the case of apple trees, one can not take much haste: all stone fruits can be planted until the end of flowering. And the last thing: cultural plants are planted on wild plants, maximally adapted to the peculiarities of the region.

Preparation of the necessary tool

You need a knife, and always make sure that the blade is very sharp and clean. You can make a simple check: if the blade easily cuts three or four sheets of paper at a time, then it is quite suitable. In addition, you will need a garden pruner and a saw, a plastic film or an insulating tape. And do not forget to prepare a garden var and transparent bags of dense polyethylene.

The tools are ready, the stock grows on the right place, now it's up to the cuttings. As such, well-matured annual shoots without flower buds will be required. It is desirable that they are cut off from the southern side of the crown. Have a good look at the branch you will plant. It should have smooth wood, a light cut and healthy, not darkened kidneys. Now let's look at the basic ways of grafting an apple tree into a wild game, in order to introduce an element of practice into our digression.

Inoculation to the application, or simple copulation

Performed in the case when the diameter of the scion and rootstock are approximately the same. This method does not require special skills and can be easily accomplished by any gardener, even a beginner. You need to prepare the stock - for this choose a smooth place on the trunk or branch, without growths and kidneys, whose diameter coincides with the cuttings. Now, with a precise "on yourself" movement, you will need to make an oblique smooth cut. Its diameter now exceeds the size of the scion. We take the shoot and cut out the stem from its middle part. In one motion, we make an oblique cut on it. Now it's a matter of technology: we apply both slices to each other. Pay attention: the cambial layers must be combined necessarily. At the same time, you can not touch the sections with hands, so that there is no infection with pathogenic bacteria. The junction is tightly wrapped with a narrow polyethylene or insulating tape, not an adhesive side to the bark. The grafting of apple trees on the wild pear's duck takes place with the same efficiency as the wild game of the plant of its species. Note that you need to tie in so well that even with the effort of the cutting not pulled out of the harness. The top section is covered with garden varnish. When performing the procedure in early spring, you can put a plastic bag on the place of vaccination. The upper cut must not touch the bag.

Improved copulation

This is a more complex but effective technique that allows you to vaccinate even when the diameter of the stock and the graft do not match. Grafting of apples and pears in autumn in wildlife is most often performed in this way. Let's take a closer look at the technique itself.

It is distinguished by the fact that on the oblique sections of the stock and the scion, "tongues" are made. For this, a shallow longitudinal incision is made on the cut of the rootstock. The same, at the same angle, is done on the stock. As a result, these two "tongues" are joined into each other, forming a better and more reliable bond. This facilitates the procedure of wrapping and fastening the two grafting elements, and also provides a faster fusion.

Bark grafting"

This method is popular for cases when a thin, young stem is planted on an adult graft or a thick branch. It is ideal to practice this option with the onset of sap movement, then the bark is easily separated from the trunk. Prepare a place for grafting, for this, wipe the bark well, releasing it from dirt and dust. Now with a sharp knife you need to make a vertical cut under the bark. Simultaneously, it is necessary to cut the longitudinal section and clean the surface properly. It remains to insert the privoj deep under the bark, the upper part of the cut should completely enter under it. Now, as in other cases, it is necessary to tightly place the vaccine site in order to fix it and ensure fusion.

Inoculation "in cleavage"

This is one of the most popular methods of vaccination, which every gardener will easily perform. Therefore, let us consider in more detail how to plant apple trees in a spring in spring. What is most remarkable, this method can be performed when the diameters of the stock and the graft are the same or very different from each other. Here such dispersion. Most often it is used when the diameter of the rootstock is greater than that of the scion. However, judging by the reviews and experience experienced gardeners, vaccination "under the bark" in this case is more effective. However, this method also has a positive moment: it can be used in the period of rest, before the beginning of the sap flow.

The technique is relatively simple: the stock is shortened a little, after which it is split in the center, and a wedge is inserted into the cleavage. Cuttings for grafting take a length of 25 mm, with 2 or 4 kidneys. The lower cut is cut with a two-sided wedge. Here we should take into account the fact that the thickness of the root of the root of the rootstock is greater than that of the cuttings, so the latter is inserted into the entire depth of the cut into the cleavage and slightly shifted deeper into the hemp. Now the wedge is removed, and the stem remains tightly clamped. Now it is necessary to tightly tie the graft to the rootstock and cover everything with a garden fume. In order for the vaccine to take root, a plastic bag is put on her .

How to care for vaccinations

As soon as new growths appear on the priovo, it is necessary to remove the tape, which ensured reliable fixation of the cuttings and stock. This is done with a sharp knife. A polyethylene bag should also be removed in time when the first leaflets appear on the grafted plant. All the shoots that appear below the vaccination should be removed, since they will not yield cultural fruits, but they will deprive them of vitality.

Vaccination is an affordable tool for every gardener, you just need to learn how to use it. A little practice - and on your site will grow apple varieties.