Industrial safety of hazardous industrial facilities: rules and requirements

Unfortunately, modern production does not do without accidents. However, there are special instructions, the observance of which helps to prevent catastrophes. Let's consider the basic rules of industrial safety.

General information

In 1993, the International Labor Organization developed a convention on the prevention of major accidents at industrial enterprises and recommendations for their prevention. The obligation to conduct work to prevent catastrophes in Russia is regulated by Federal Law No. 116 of July 21, 1997. Its provisions establish the basic norms of industrial safety.

Classification

According to Art. 2 of this law, enterprises or their workshops, sites, plots, and other premises are recognized as hazardous production facilities, where:

1. We receive, process, use, create, transport, store and destroy harmful substances in certain volumes. These include toxic, explosive, flammable, oxidizing, flammable and other compounds.
2. The equipment is used, the work of which is carried out at a pressure of more than 0.7 MPa or at a water heating temperature of more than 115 degrees.
3. Lifting mechanisms are installed , installed permanently, as well as funiculars, ropeways, escalators.
4. They receive melts of non-ferrous and ferrous metals and alloys based on them.
5. Mining, dressing works, and also activity in underground conditions are carried out.

It should be noted that in institutions that are not related to industry, the most common are facilities such as lifting equipment, pressure equipment, lifts and other dangerous structures.

Normative base

Industrial safety of hazardous industrial facilities includes measures to prevent accidents and incidents. The latter concept means damage or failure of technical units, deviation from the technological process. An incident is considered a violation of security requirements. Legal regulation in this area, as stated above, is implemented by the provisions of Federal Law No. 116. In addition to it, industrial safety rules are also contained in other regulatory acts of the industry. In the event that in the international treaty of the Russian Federation there are other provisions, in practice the higher world standards are subject to application.

The provisions of the law apply to all organizations that carry out activities in the area under consideration, regardless of their form of ownership. Other regulations that mention industrial safety requirements are primarily documents that are approved for economic, organizational, legal and other enforcement of the provisions of the law.

General Activities

Industrial safety and labor protection provide for certain responsibilities for entities involved in this industry. To them, first of all, are organizations that carry out the exploitation of production areas.

Operating organizations

Enterprises using production facilities that present a danger must:

1. Have permission documents (license) for the use of space.
2. Ensure the staffing of the staff of specialists who are involved in the industrial enterprise, according to established requirements.
3. Admit to the work of persons corresponding to the necessary qualifications, who do not have medical limitations or contraindications to the implementation of activities.
4. Ensure timely and complete training and certification of specialists in the field of industrial safety.
5. Organize and monitor compliance with instructions and recommendations established by law.
6. To have normative acts and technical documentation regulating activities at a production facility that poses a danger.
7. Ensure the availability and functioning of control devices and systems.

Preventive measures

Industrial safety and labor protection include certain activities, the implementation of which helps to prevent or reduce the likelihood of catastrophes. These works include:

1. Provision of expertise of buildings, diagnostics, tests, surveys of technical devices and structures used in the work. For these events, certain deadlines and procedures are established. Examination is carried out according to the presented instruction of the federal executive body, which carries out supervision in the sphere in question, or its territorial subdivision.
2. Prevent the penetration of the object, which is a danger to outsiders.
3. Enforcement of instructions for storage of substances.
4. Development of a declaration on industrial safety.
5. Conclusion of insurance contracts for risks of liability for causing damage during the operation of a production facility that poses a danger.
6. Execution of orders and orders of the federal executive body for control in the area under review, its territorial units and officials, given in accordance with the authority.

Elimination of

The industrial safety of hazardous facilities includes measures to eliminate the consequences of disasters. In particular, the law prescribes:

1. Suspend activities at the enterprise independently or by order of the federal executive control body, its territorial units and officials in the event of emergencies, the discovery of new circumstances that affect the level of risk.
2. To carry out measures to eliminate and localize the consequences of disasters at sites, to assist state bodies in investigating the causes of emergency.
3. Participate in the technical identification of the factors that caused the accident, take measures to eliminate them and then prevent situations.
4. To provide timely information to the population, territorial management bodies, supervisory authorities and other authorized in the sphere of industrial safety organizations about the disaster at the enterprise.
5. Take the necessary measures to ensure protection of health and life professionals in an accident.
6. Provide information on the number of incidents and accidents, on the causes of their occurrence to the federal executive body for control or to its territorial subdivision, as well as on measures taken to eliminate the consequences and to prevent repeated emergency situations.

Industrial safety of production facilities: duties of employees

Employees of these enterprises must:

1. Observe the instructions and instructions provided for in legal acts and normative technical documentation, which set standards for the conduct of work, procedures for the occurrence of an incident or accident.
2. To pass attestation and training in the field of industrial safety.
3. To inform the immediate superior or other officials in the established order of an incident or accident.
4. Suspend work when an emergency occurs.
5. Take part in the implementation of measures to eliminate the disaster at a hazardous industrial facility.

Heads of enterprises are obliged to take all measures provided for in the law to maintain the compliance of staff with a schedule approved according to instructions and recommendations.

Qualification requirements

Industrial safety of hazardous production facilities includes the timely conduct of training and retraining of employees. The qualification requirements for specialists are established by the provisions of job descriptions, as well as by tariff-qualifying directories. The industrial safety of hazardous industrial facilities presupposes that employees have special skills and special knowledge. In this regard, certain rules are established for certain categories of specialists involved in a particular industry. Instructions in accordance with which the industrial safety of hazardous industrial facilities is provided are approved by the provisions adopted by Rostechnadzor.

Finally

Industrial safety of hazardous industrial facilities includes not only immediate measures to protect the population and employees of the enterprise, localization and elimination of consequences of disasters, but also the development and approval of special programs aimed at protecting property and human health. Specialists should learn the actions that must be taken when an emergency occurs. Industrial safety of hazardous industrial facilities provides training in conjunction with the certification of employees.