Hoisting mechanisms: operating rules

Work processes in medium and large-scale production and construction sites are often combined with the use of lifting machines and installations. Cargo transportation operations are also mandatory in the logistics chains of small shops, hotels, catering establishments, etc. Each time the use of such equipment poses a certain danger for both the materials served and for the working personnel. To protect hoisting mechanisms and minimize the risks of accidents, care must be taken to comply with the rules of their operation and maintenance.

What is meant by hoisting gear?

The equipment that is used for working with cargoes, in our time is represented by an extensive range. Directly to the mechanisms can be assigned chains, winching installations, hoists and hooks with drives. These are the least demanding maintenance devices, but they can also perform very important tasks of loading and unloading. The category of cars include all kinds of cranes, manipulators, construction hoists, excavators, etc. Warehouse hoisting machines and mechanisms also should be classified as a separate category. As a rule, this segment is formed at the enterprises by stackers, forklifts, maneuverable lifts and various power self-propelled plants. Each of these types of lifting equipment has its capabilities in terms of work functions and the ability to operate under various conditions.

Rules for preparing equipment for work

Preparatory processes may differ depending on the conditions of use of the equipment and its characteristics. Most often, the training involves a checkup for any malfunctions. Revisions are subject to both the surface of the shell and the internal filling. Particular attention deserves the power plant, which is used on the same cranes and stackers. If necessary, the responsible officer updates the engine oil or transmission fluid. In addition, the lifting mechanisms are carefully checked in the part of the power bodies, with the help of which the working actions are carried out. At this stage, the reliability of fastening the functional components or attachments, the integrity of the parts, and the condition of the drive connection are evaluated. In some cases, the adjustment of the electronics control mechanism is also carried out.

Requirements for service personnel

Again, much of the requirements of this kind depends on the specifics of the particular facility, but there are general or at least common rules for allowing employees to work in lifting. This should be adults who have undergone medical examination and special training to work in this area. In particular, the members of the service team should know the sources of hazards and the means of providing protection, be able to detect malfunctions and defects in equipment, and perform general adjustment and repair operations. Also in the list of duties is the ability to mount load-lifting mechanisms and adjust them to work with objects of certain parameters. In particular, this applies to the installation of hoists, winches and attachments. The requirements for operators of load-lifting machines already refer to specialized ones and assume their own specificity depending on the type of equipment.

Rules of operation of load-lifting mechanisms

The function of each unit of load-lifting equipment is realized within certain limits, due to general and local technical requirements. In particular, the enterprise can make its own technological maps, work projects and instructions, on which the staff performs their tasks. For example, the basic rules for operating equipment include the use of a signal system between different participants in the process. The exchange of signs helps to safely and effectively use load-lifting mechanisms. The rules, in particular, prescribe in advance to approve the orders of mutual exchange of signals between cranes and slingers. Also, the instructions provide for the movement and installation of the cargo at a predetermined location. Deviation in the direction may disrupt coordination in other parts of the site and provoke unforeseen risks. The results of the performance of work activities with violations are recorded in a special accounting journal.

Maintenance Rules

Working with a large mass inevitably leads to the wear and tear of any equipment. The main task of those responsible for the technical maintenance of employees is to prevent the breakdown of mechanical elements, since the risk of their occurrence during the performance of work activities can turn into a tragedy. Accordingly, maintenance provides for regular inspection of the power structure for wear, excessive deformation, cracks and other defects. Along with this, there are also full-time mandatory activities not related to malfunctions. In this part, maintenance of the lifting mechanisms may involve the replacement of technical fluids, belt components, renewal of fasteners, etc. A special project is prepared for the repair work, with recommendations on how to carry it out.

What is forbidden when using a lifting device?

Compliance with security rules imposes many restrictions on the actions of participants in the workflow. For example, any manipulation of goods that are not exempt from fixing or nearby materials is prohibited. Also, you can not lift the load if it has other materials on its surface that do not have a special fastening. It happens that during the violated movement of a crane or a mounted manipulator, the slingers try to adjust the object from the ground. This, too, can not be done, and for such actions in advance are provided safety chains with ropes. In addition, lifting devices can not be used to deliver moving objects into the openings of windows, balconies and doors. Exceptions can only be attributed to cases where special receptions are provided for admission.

Conclusion

All listed rules, regulations and recommendations are designed to ensure efficient, productive and, most importantly, safe operation. To date, the operation of load-lifting mechanisms is quite closely related to electronic automation systems. The entry of new segments of the management infrastructure also requires the availability of special skills from the staff. On the other hand, the same systems with multifunction relays and control modules in some cases increase the reliability of operations performed by eliminating the risk of error on the part of the operator.