Hyperglycemia: symptoms, measurement of blood sugar, treatment and first aid

The increase in serum glucose level associated with any endocrine disease, indicates that the person develops hyperglycemia. Symptoms of this pathology are manifested in weight loss, frequent urination and increased thirst. Hyperglycemia always accompanies people with diabetes.

Causes of the disease

Among the factors that cause changes in the level of glucose in the blood, you can identify endocrine diseases and general disorders in the body. Endocrine factors include:

• Diabetes mellitus is a pathology associated with complete or partial deficiency in the body of the hormone insulin. Symptoms of hyperglycemia in diabetes are manifested in the presence of excess weight or obesity.
• Thyrotoxicosis - occurs when excessive thyroid gland thyroid hormones.
• Acromegaly is a pathology characterized by an increase in the level of growth hormone.
• Pheochromocytoma is a tumor localized in the adrenal medulla. It provokes excessive production of adrenaline and norepinephrine.
• Glucagon is a malignant tumor secreting glucagon. Symptoms are similar to diabetes mellitus and are manifested by changes in body weight, anemia and dermatitis.

Symptoms of hyperglycemia in children appear in the conduct of unhealthy lifestyles, the regular use of sweet and harmful products, carbonated drinks and the lack of physical activity. Factors of general disorders in the functioning of the body may be:

• binge eating;
• Indigestion disorder;
• Severe stress;
• The consequences of heart attack and stroke;
• Infectious and chronic diseases;
• Side effects of certain medications.

Within 1-2 hours after eating, the sugar level in a healthy person rises by 1-3 mmol / l. Then the indicator gradually decreases and comes to the norm of 5 mmol / l, if this does not happen, we can conclude about the development of hyperglycemia. This condition requires medical intervention and effective treatment.

Classification of hyperglycemia

Depending on the level of glucose in the blood, there are several degrees of severity of the disease:

• Light - 6,7-8,2 mmol / l;
• Average - 8.3-11 mmol / l;
• Severe - the level of sugar in the blood exceeds 11.1 mmol / l.

If the glucose concentration rises more than 16.5 mmol / l, the precomatous state develops, when the glucose level is raised to 55 mmol / l, the patient is diagnosed with a hyperosmolar coma. It is a serious condition for the body and in most cases ends with the death of the patient.

Syndrome of hyperglycemia: symptoms and manifestations of the disease

The first signs of hyperglycemia are manifested in the form of increased fatigue and reduced efficiency. Clinically at this stage, you can identify a slight increase in blood sugar after eating and long-term preservation of indicators above the norm. Hyperglycaemia is also characterized by the following symptoms:

• Concentration disorders;
• Excessive thirst;
• Frequent urination;
• Dizziness and headaches;
• Pallor of the skin;
• apathy;
• drowsiness;
• nausea;
• Heart rhythm disorder;
• Lowering blood pressure;
• Decreased visual acuity;
• Sweating;
• Itching of the skin;
• Ketoacidosis (abnormal pH balance, which leads to coma).

Progression of pathology causes an increase in symptoms and serious disruption in the functioning of body systems.

Hyperglycemia: symptoms, first aid

It is very important to be able to provide first aid to a person with hyperglycemia in time. In most cases, such actions help save the patient's life.

• Insulin-dependent diabetics with an attack of acute hyperglycemia need to inject insulin with insulin. Preliminary it is recommended to check and try to lower the level of sugar in the blood. To make hormone injections it is necessary every 2 hours, regularly checking the level of glucose until it comes back to normal. In rare cases, it may be necessary to wash the stomach with a warm solution with a small concentration of soda.
• If the first aid does not have positive results, it is necessary to deliver the patient himself to the medical institution or to call an ambulance. If you do not do it in time, an excessive amount of sugar in your blood will lead to acidosis and impaired breathing apparatus. In a hospital with such a course of hyperglycemia, an infusion dropper is usually prescribed.

Hyperglycemia, the symptoms of which are mild, are eliminated by improvised means. To reduce acidity in the body, you can drink water without gas, herbal infusions, soda or eat fruit. When dry skin, rub the body with a damp towel.

Treatment of hyperglycemia

To eliminate hyperglycemia, a differential approach is used in therapy. It consists of the following actions of the doctor:

• Survey and examination of the patient - allows you to know the heredity, the susceptibility to certain pathologies, the manifestation of the symptoms of the disease.
• Laboratory examination - the patient passes the tests and undergoes the necessary studies.
• The diagnosis - according to the results of the analysis the doctor diagnoses "hyperglycemia". Symptoms and treatment of this disorder should be interrelated.
• Purpose of treatment - the doctor prescribes a suitable diet, moderate exercise and medication.

It is also necessary to regularly visit a cardiologist, neurologist, ophthalmologist, endocrinologist and urologist to monitor the work of all internal organs and systems and prevent the development of complications.

Diet with hyperglycemia

At an elevated level of glucose in the blood, first of all, it is necessary to exclude simple carbohydrates from the diet and to minimize the use of complex carbohydrates. It is the wrong food becomes the main cause that causes such a disease as hyperglycemia.

Symptoms of metabolic disorders can be eliminated with dietary nutrition. The diet is not strict, it is important only to follow certain rules:

• to drink a lot of water;
• Avoid prolonged breaks between meals - that is, eat often and gradually;
• To minimize the use of sharp and fried foods;
• Consume large amounts of fresh vegetables and fruits (mostly unsweetened);
• Increase the amount of protein food in the diet (meat, eggs, dairy products);
• From desserts to use only dried fruits, or sweets, intended for diabetics.

Rapidly reducing the level of sugar will allow copious drinking and exercise (in particular gymnastic exercises).

Treatment with folk remedies

Alternative medicine is widely distributed and many are perceived as an effective and affordable way of treating many diseases, hyperglycemia is no exception. Symptoms of the disease can be treated with folk remedies, but it all depends on the degree of development of the disorder.

Basically folk remedies are presented by decoctions of medicinal herbs, which include alkaloids (dandelion, elecampane, goat).

In addition to these herbs, the following plants are common:

• Blueberries;
• lilac;
• Kupena;
• Bay leaf;
• horseradish;
• Oats;
• Red ginseng.

Phytoalkaloids, which are part of their composition, act like insulin hormone, lower the level of glucose in the blood and normalize the work of the whole organism.

Prevention of disease

The main preventive measure of hyperglycemia is nutritional control and daily activity. It is very important to make a rational menu and adhere to it, so that the body receives all the microelements, vitamins and fibers necessary for it to function properly and to ensure all life processes.

The right way of life and good heredity will prevent diabetes. Hyperglycemia, the symptoms of which are manifested in fatigue and drowsiness, are easier to treat. While in the presence of abnormalities in the course of internal metabolic processes, therapy will be lengthy, and diets will have to be adhered to constantly.