How does angina manifest (symptoms) and what medications should I take?

The phrase "angina pectoris" is known to many people. And most of them use this expression to emphasize the greed of the person - "the toad presses." But only a few know that behind this phrase lies a rather serious symptomatology characterizing the heart disease. It's about an unpleasant phenomenon, like angina. Symptoms and what medicines to take with this pathology, we will consider in more detail.

What is angina?

Initially, we will analyze what a disease is. What are the symptoms of a patient with a diagnosis of angina pectoris and what medications should be taken to combat this ailment?

This pathology is a kind of ischemia of the heart, in which there is an obstacle to free circulation of blood. An unpleasant phenomenon can be observed in one coronary artery or in two. In addition, the patient has an attack signaling a lack of oxygen.

Angina develops on the background of an imbalance of the oxygen needed by the heart muscle and the amount that it receives. As a result of the lack of such an important component, metabolic disturbances occur in it and its necrosis is observed.

The reasons for such a situation can be hidden in the local violation of blood supply (narrowing the lumen of the arteries) or in a sharp and prolonged spasm of the blood vessels of the heart. A prolonged lack of oxygen can lead to serious consequences. In this case, the patient may develop a heart attack.

Causes of pathology

To prevent the development of serious consequences, it is necessary to take timely medications for angina pectoris. Symptoms, causes of pathology require detailed study. Knowing them, you will be able to suspect the disease in time and help the patient.

The main causes of angina pectoris are concluded in the following factors:

1. Obesity . The more it is expressed, the higher the risk of developing angina pectoris.
2. Smoking . A person who is overly dependent on tobacco products, exposes himself to a serious danger of an illness.
3. High cholesterol in the blood.
4. The strongest emotional stress or nervous overload.
5. Diabetes. Patients who are diagnosed with this disease are more likely to develop angina pectoris.
6. Chronic stress.
7. Hypertensive disease .
8. Hypodinamy (lack of mobility).
9. High coagulability of blood, which results in blood clots. They are known to clog the lumen of blood vessels. It is thromboses that lead to the onset of anginal attacks and provoke myocardial infarction.
10. Metabolic syndrome (high cholesterol in combination with hypertension and obesity).
11. Thrombophlebitis or phlebothrombosis.

It is not necessary that a person has all of the above factors. Enough even one of them to develop angina.

All these causes lead to the formation of pathology. But it can not disturb the patient, until it is provoked by certain situations.

As a rule, the attack of angina develops against the background:

• Physical activity;
• Adverse weather conditions;
• Emotional experiences.

Classification of the disease

There are several varieties of such pathology as angina pectoris. Symptoms and medications should be discussed with the doctor.

The following classification will allow you to understand what form of ailment you are dealing with:

1. Stable angina. It arises only against the background of overvoltage. Pathology is characterized by 4 developmental classes, which characterize the permissible level of the load, capable of being carried by the heart.
2. Unstable angina. It is also called progressing. The patient can sharply feel deterioration of state of health. At the same time, there can be no provocative reasons. Doctors say that this kind of pathology develops against the background of a crack in the cardiac vessel, localized near the atherosclerotic plaque. In the coronary arteries , a thrombus is formed, which interferes with the normal blood flow.
3. Vasospastic angina pectoris. The disease manifests itself in local spasms in the heart arteries. The reason for the development of this pathology is the failure of oxygen delivery to the myocardium. As a result, a spasm characterizing angina develops. Such an ailment can arise at rest.

Functional classes of stable angina

As mentioned above, there are only 4 of them:

1. The pain that arises behind the sternum is paroxysmal. However, such phenomena are quite rare. As a rule, their trigger is hard work at a fast pace.
2. Discomfort in the chest appears during climbing the stairs. Pain occurs in frosty weather with fast walking. An attack can provoke overeating.
3. The pain appears even after a slow normal walk for a short distance (about 100 m). Discomfort in the chest occurs after the patient leaves the warm room for frost.
4. The patient is not able to perform any physical activity. Even elementary activity can provoke an attack of angina pectoris. Discomfort can arise in a state of rest.

Stable angina

To distinguish this form is easy enough. Consider what, with such a pathology as stable angina, the symptoms and what medicines to take to get rid of the clinical manifestations of the disease.

The ailment is capable of not manifesting itself to anything until the person is not affected by provoking factors. But in the case of physical or emotional stress, the patient develops an attack. This is the main symptom of pathology. Its appearance is always preceded by the same level of stress, in contrast to unstable pathology.

The duration of the attack is from 5 to 10 minutes. Any lengthening of an unpleasant condition indicates unstable angina.

Another characteristic feature of this form of ailment is the arrest of an attack. In the case of stable angina, the patient should take a tablet of "Nitroglycerin". One pill is enough to save the patient from an attack. If it is an unstable angina, one pill will not eliminate the patient's heart pain.

Symptoms of an attack

We have said above how to quash an unpleasant state. However, the patient should know that the pathology needs adequate therapy and only the doctor can prescribe medications for angina pectoris.

Symptoms of the attack are as follows:

1. Severe pain in the sternum. The discomfort is compressive, compressive. The patient complains of a feeling of heaviness and burning in the chest.
2. Pain can extend to the left arm, scapula, neck area, throat. Very rarely discomfort covers the right side: arm and abdomen.
3. The attack is preceded by a load: physical activity, emotional impact, cold weather outside, strong wind. Most often, fast walking leads to it, especially in bad weather conditions (heat, frost, wind), climbing stairs or overeating.
4. Discomfort is always manifested very sharply, sharply. The attack occurs suddenly, against the background of the greatest burden.
5. The duration of an attack, depending on the form, can last from 1 minute to 15 minutes.

The above-described clinic is a classic symptom of angina pectoris. However, there are also atypical signs characterizing ischemia of the heart. Consider them.

Symptoms of atypical form

How does such a disease manifest itself? In some categories of people (most often this is observed in elderly people or individuals suffering from diabetes), pain during an attack may not be observed.

In these patients, angina pectoris makes itself felt by such a clinic:

• Frequent palpitations ;
• nausea;
• weakness;
• Increased sweating.

Sometimes the attack can be completely asymptomatic. This pathology was called "mute" ischemia.

Often, atypical angina is manifested by symptoms:

1. Dyspnea. The phenomenon is observed on exhalation and inspiration. Its appearance provokes an incomplete relaxation of the heart muscle.
2. Sharp and severe fatigue caused by any load. The reason for this symptomatology is the lack of oxygen and insufficient contractile activity of the heart muscle.
3. Painful discomfort. If he is present, then he is able to give in the hand, the shoulder blade, the teeth.

Such symptoms have been called the equivalent of angina pectoris.

Urgent care

Of course, the most interesting questions are the following (if angina is diagnosed): symptoms and what medicines to take with pathology.

When the attack develops, the following measures should be taken:

1. Stop physical activity and sit comfortably, dangling your legs down.
2. Release the person's neck and chest (unbutton the shirt, remove the tie).
3. Provide fresh air.
4. The patient must chew 1 tablet of "Aspirin".
5. Then the patient under the tongue is put a pill "Nitroglycerin". This drug can replace the following drugs for angina pectoris: "Nitrorolival" (1 tablet) or "Izoket" (1 injection).
6. If after 3 minutes the pain discomfort does not wane, then it is necessary to repeat the dose. However, one should know that more than 3 pills (injections) can not be used during one attack.
7. When a headache occurs, the patient should be given an analgesic: "Baralgin", "Analgin", "Sedalgin".
8. In the case of high blood pressure, the patient needs a quick-acting antihypertensive agent such as "Clofelin".
9. A rapid heartbeat will help to normalize the medicine Anaprilin.

Complications of the disease

It is very important to take all medications with angina prescribed by a doctor. Since pathology can lead to very serious consequences:

• Arrhythmias;
• Ventricular tachycardia;
• Cardiogenic shock;
• Ventricular fibrillation;
• Extensive myocardial infarction;
• Atrioventricular blockades;
• Congestive heart failure;
• Pericarditis;
• Embolism of the pulmonary artery.

Treatment of pathology

Struggle with angina in two ways:

1. Conservative treatment. Must be carried out throughout life.
2. Surgery. It consists in restoring the necessary blood supply to the heart.

Consider what medicines are prescribed for angina pectoris, what to take the patient to improve his condition.

Conservative therapy consists of the following groups of medicines:

1. Drugs that reduce thrombus formation: "Aspirin", "Clopidogrel", "Trombostop".
2. Beta-blockers. Reduce the need for cardiac muscle in oxygen, restoring the necessary balance, reduce the pressure and frequency of contractions. Recommended preparations are Metaprolol, Bisaprolol, Nebivolol, Atenolol.
3. Statins. Reduce the concentration in the body of cholesterol. Prescribe drugs, "Simvastatin", "Atorvastatin."
4. ACE inhibitors. Medications that prevent vasospasms. Drugs "Perindopril", "Lizinopril", "Noliprel", "Enalapril", "Sonoprel" are effective.
5. Antagonists of calcium channels. Reduce heart oxygen consumption. Medicines "Verapamil", "Veragalide", "Diltiazem" are prescribed.
6. Nitrates. Promote the expansion of blood vessels, reduce the need for a heart in oxygen. Recommended medicines are "Nitroglycerin", "Isosorbide".

Depending on the patient's condition, the necessary medicines are selected:

1. With angina and arrhythmia, antiarrhythmic medications are included in the therapy. Most often, Novokainamid is recommended.
2. In case of necessity of prophylaxis of cardiogenic shock, anesthetics are recommended: "Talamonal", "Omnupon", "Morphine", "Promedol", "Fentanyl".
3. Medications for angina pectoris, heart attack, heart failure are most often high-speed glycosides: "Strophantine", "Korglikon", "Convallatoxin."

Prevention of disease

Never treat yourself alone such a pathology as angina pectoris! Symptoms, treatment, prevention of ailment should be discussed with a doctor. Self-medication with this pathology is very dangerous!

Preventive measures are quite simple and are concluded in compliance with the "IHD rules":

• And - getting rid of smoking or inhaling tobacco smoke.
• B - more movements, activity.
• With - to lose superfluous kgs, to rise on struggle against adiposity.

Observance of these simple recommendations will protect any person, regardless of gender and age, from the development of such a serious pathology as angina pectoris.