Gomel region. Map of the Gomel region. Belarus - Gomel region

The Gomel region is an administrative unit in the southeast of the Republic of Belarus. It was founded in 1938. Its administrative center is the city of Gomel.

Geographical features

The area of the unit is 40.4 thousand square kilometers. As the map of the Gomel region points out, the border regions are Mogilev, Minsk, Brest regions of the Republic of Belarus, Bryansk of the Russian Federation, as well as Zhytomyr, Chernigov, Kiev and Rivne of Ukraine.

The region is dominated by a temperate continental climate. Winters are mild, in summer, as a rule, warm. In January, an average of five to six degrees of frost, and in July - eighteen-nineteen heat. In the cold season, the prevailing southern winds, and in the warm season - the western and north-western winds. The average wind speed is three meters per second. During the year, precipitation falls from 550 to 650 millimeters.

On the territory of the Gomel region, one of the longest vegetation periods in the republic. It is 191-209 days. Favorable climate allows to grow sugar beet, early ripening varieties of grapes, corn, potatoes and other crops.

Among the largest navigable rivers of the region are the following: Sozh, Berezina, Dnieper and Pripyat. There are many lakes in the region, and the largest of them is Chervonoye. Its area is 43.6 square kilometers. Forests cover more than forty percent of the territory.

The Gomel region is characterized by favorable natural conditions for the development of most areas of people's livelihoods. Due to the flat nature of the relief, there are no difficulties with the formation of settlements, agricultural development of land, the functioning of industrial enterprises and the construction of roads.

In 2013, there were 1,427,200 people in the area under consideration.

Features of administrative division

Let's enumerate the regions of the Gomel region. There are 21 in all: Chechersk, Bragin, Khoiniki, Buda-Koshelevsky, Vetkovsky, Gomel, Svetlogorsk, Rogachev, Dobrush, Yeltsi, Rechitsa, Petrikovsky, Zhitkovichsky, Oktyabrsky, Zhlobinsky, Narovlyansky, Kalinkovichi, Mozyr, Lelchitsky, Kormyansky and Loevsky.

Population

The cities of the Gomel region are inhabited for the most part by Byelorussians. In addition, Russians, Ukrainians, Gypsies, Jews, Poles, Armenians, Moldovans, Tatars, Azerbaijanis, Germans, Turkmens, Georgians and Uzbeks, Lithuanians, Kazakhs, Chuvashs can be found on their territory. The smallest ethnic group is Arabs. According to the 2009 census, there are only 138 of them.

What else is remarkable about the Gomel region? The villages, which number 133, can not be called empty. They live up to thirty percent of the population.

Minerals

The Gomel region has a land area of forest fund equal to 1653 thousand hectares. Forests cover 1472.9 thousand hectares.

The fuel and energy raw materials are of special importance for the national economy of the country. At present, there is information about 1,500 proven peat deposits. In 1964, near Rechitsa, the first industrial oil was produced. Since then, more than one hundred million tons of valuable product has been brought to the surface. Mozyr operates a chemical plant and an oil refinery.

Deposits of coal were found in the southeastern territories of the Pripyat Basin, and oil shale in the Zhitkovichi District. According to experts' estimates, Brinevskoye and Zhitkovichi fields contain 100 million tons of brown coal deposits.

At present, 22 billion tons of rock salt reserves have already been explored. A thorough preparation for the development of new types of raw materials, such as gypsum, mineral sorbents, basalt fibers, iodine-bromine brines, is carried out.

Industrial sphere

The Gomel region has a wide industrial potential. It is considered one of the most developed industrial regions of the Republic of Belarus. More than three hundred medium-sized and large industrial enterprises operate on the territory of this administrative unit. The leading branches are fuel and chemical industry, ferrous metallurgy, machine building. Oil production, timber, food, pulp and paper and woodworking industries play no less important role. All these directions bring substantial profit to the Republic of Belarus.

The Gomel region is the only one in the country where gas and oil are extracted, linoleum and window glass, forage harvesters are established. In addition, 24% of paper, 25% of plywood, 93% of automobile fuel, 85% of steel, 31% of chipboard and 46% of cardboard are produced in its territory on the territory of the country.

Cultural and scientific life

In the region there are 789 clubs. There are 23 museums, four theaters, one philharmonic society and 782 libraries. Special interest in specialists is caused by 1040 archeological monuments, among which are burial grounds, ancient settlements, remains of ancient settlements and parking. The Gomel region has a serious scientific and technical potential. At present, it ranks second in the country in terms of the number of organizations engaged in research and development.

Yelsk District

This territorial unit is located in the south-western part of the Gomel region. Its total area is 1.36 thousand square kilometers. In the south it borders Ukraine, in the north - with the Mozyr region, in the west - with Lelchitsky, in the east - with Narovlyansky.

The cultural and economic and administrative center of the district is the city of Yelsk (Gomel region). For the first time it is mentioned in the written sources of the sixteenth century. At first it was a place, then - a township, and in 1971, Yelsk was given the honorary status of the city. Today, the furniture factory, fruit and vegetable and dairy factories operate on its territory.

The origin of the name of the city is traditionally associated with the word "spruce", but this opinion is erroneous. The area of distribution of this tree is the northern outskirts of Polissya. In addition, the suffix -sk unnaturally to form geographical names from the designations of representatives of the flora. As a rule, settlements with a similar ending were named by analogy with nearby rivers and lakes. Hence we can conclude that the toponym "Yelsk" is formed from the name of the previously existing river Eli, Elki.

Oktyabrsky district

As for this territorial unit, it is located in the north-western part of the Gomel region and occupies an area of 1386.19 km square.

Oktyabrsky district was founded in 1939. Initially, he was part of the Polesie region. In 1962 it was reduced, and in 1966 it was restored as an independent territorial unit.

The center of the district is Oktyabrsky (Gomel oblast). The date of foundation was August 31, 1954. More than a third of the territory is occupied by agricultural land. According to the 2009 census, 7 800 people live in the village. The specialization of the local industrial complex is the processing of agricultural raw materials. After the notorious events of 1986 at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, Oktyabrsky became a place of relocation of a large number of people from contaminated territories.

Svetlogorsk, the Gomel region

This city of regional subordination acquired its modern name in 1961. Previously, it was known as Shatilki. Svetlogorsk is located on the territory of Gomel Polesie. The regional center is 113 kilometers away.

History of the settlement

As shown by archaeological excavations, in place of the modern city in the sixth-seventh century there was a settlement. The name of the Chatelet is patronymic from the name Shatilo.

In 1569, Svetlogorsk was part of the Commonwealth as a result of the merger of the Polish Kingdom and the GDL. And in 1793 he became a member of the Russian Empire. In 1915, not far from Shatilok, a railway was built and a station was formed.

The production sector is represented by food, chemical and pulp and paper industry enterprises - this is what Svetlogorsk (Gomel oblast) is famous for. Among the city-forming enterprises are the pulp and paper mill and RUE "SPO Khimvolokno".

The city has three stadiums, a swimming pool, a tennis court and a sports complex.

The oil sector

Rechitsa (Gomel region) is an ancient Polissya city. It stands on the right bank of the Dnieper River, which unites three Slavic states. The first settlements appeared here in the Mesolithic Age (9-5 millennium BC). Dregovichi is considered the direct ancestors of the speech.

According to the first Novgorod chronicle, in 1213 the city was part of the Chernigov principality. Since the fourteenth century, he was under the authority of the GDL. From 1392 to 1430 years. The territory was in the possession of Vitovt. By his order, a castle was erected in the city, located on a steep Dnipro shore. He was surrounded by a deep earthen moat. In 1561, Rechitsa received the Magdeburg Law, but only partially.

In consequence of the Cossack and Peasant War of 1648-1651. The city was almost leveled to the ground. As a result of the conclusion of the Andrusov Truce, Rechitsa remained in the Rzeczpospolita. In 1793 it was annexed to the Russian lands and received the status of a county center in the Minsk province. After that, Rechitsa took the road of economic and cultural development. Since 1882, steamship communications have been launched along the river. Dnepr, and four years later a railway was laid across the city. The first industrial enterprises appeared here in 1897.

Features of local architecture

During the nineteenth century, virtually all of the city's regular design plans were implemented. Thus, not only the buildings of the administrative apparatus appeared in Rechitsa, but also the shopping arcades, houses, the Assumption Church, and the church.

The territory that was previously occupied by the Dominican monastery, broke the park. It forms the most picturesque part of the city in a complex with a greened out castle and a central square.

Modernity

Today Rechitsa is a well-known city in the whole of Belarus where so-called black gold is produced on an industrial scale. Twelve of the eighteen divisions of the Belorusneft enterprise are located there. In addition, a gas processing plant is located near the city.

Gomel

Even a brief description of the settlements of the region can not bypass the center of the administrative unit. Gomel is located in the south-eastern part of the country. It is located on the picturesque shore of the Sozh River, three hundred kilometers from the capital. As of early 2011, the city's area was 135 square kilometers. The population of Gomel is 522 549 people (according to data as of 04.04.2014).

Physico-geographical features

Gomel occupies the central part of the Dnieper lowland. It is an integral part of the Polesie subprovince. The northwestern territories of the city are located not far from the Chechersk Plain - the physical and geographical region belonging to the Predomestska province.

City Topography

The relief map of the Gomel region includes information on the flatness of the city. This is due to the location of the regional center in the zone of the headland water-glacial plain and the above-flood terrace of the Sozh. The gradient of the relief in the direction from north to south is revealed.

Minerals

The southwestern territories of Gomel are known for the Osovtsov deposit of sand. In addition, the city managed to find large reserves of mineralized sulphate-chloride-sodium and fresh hydrocarbonate water.

Features of climate

Gomel is located in the temperate continental climate zone. Warm marine air masses from the Atlantic cause mild winters. The average annual air temperature in the city is 7.4 degrees Celsius. Approximately 70% of precipitation falls on the period from April to October.

Information about internal waters

Rivers, ponds and lakes represent surface waters. One of the largest rivers of the country - Sozh - flows through Gomel. Within the city, Iput, and on the suburbs - Uza, Ut and Teryuha. In pits used for mining construction materials, ponds were formed over time. Local residents actively use the opportunity to swim in such reservoirs. The oldest pond in the city is Swan Lake. He appeared on the site of the Gomeuk stream, which once flowed into Sozh.

The soil

The natural soil composition underwent significant changes. Urbozems with sand, gravel and parent rocks replaced natural soils. On the flowerbeds, squares and parks the soil is constantly cultivated. Among the most undisturbed soils on the city's territory, podzolic, sod-podzolic, sandy-silty sandy loam, sod-carbonate, peaty-marsh and alluvial podzol are isolated.

Flora

On the streets, in parks, gardens and squares of the city you can see petiolate oaks, pine trees, European spruce, horse chestnuts, willows, white aspens, common ash, black poplars, small leaved lindens and mountain ash. Cork trees, ginkgo and some other exotic species grow on the territory of the Central Park.

Fauna

On the outskirts of the city there are wild boars, roe deer, European hedgehogs. In forest plantations and parks, squirrels, moles and hares are very common. From birds you can see a house sparrow, daw, crow, tit, stork (in the suburbs). In total, 188 bird species, 66 mammals, 11 amphibians, 6 reptiles, 25 fish live in the regional center and its environs.

Conclusion

Gomel region, photo and information about which are presented in the article, plays an important role in the cultural and political life of the country. In addition, it is the most important industrial region of the Republic of Belarus.