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New Guinea (island): origin, description, territory, population. Where is the island of New Guinea?

From time immemorial, Russian and foreign explorers began to explore the islands located in the Pacific Ocean. These natural complexes are so amazing and unusual that they are considered to be isolated continents with their own culture and way of life. From the school bench, we all remember that the second largest "continent" in Oceania after Greenland is Papua New Guinea.

The island is washed by several seas: New Guinea, Solomon, Coral, as well as the Torres Strait and the Gulf of Papua. Nicholas Miklukho-Maklai, a Russian biologist and seafarer, who made a significant contribution to geography, history and science, was engaged in close study of natural resources, local culture and indigenous population. Thanks to this man, the world learned about the existence of wild jungles and original tribes.

However, tours to the island in Oceania do not enjoy frenzied demand, while they remain a rarity. But travelers who have visited the local jungle, not affected by civilization, with ecstasy and delight remember their vacation. Rich vegetation, exotic wildlife, amazing landscapes, a variety of languages, customs and cultures leave an indelible impression in memory. Our publication is devoted to this state.

Geographical description of the island of New Guinea

The tropical island is located in the waters of the Pacific Ocean, connects two parts of the world: Asia and Australia. Since 1975 it is an independent state, it also belongs to the British Commonwealth and is a member of the UN. Its capital is Port Moresby. Origin of the island of New Guinea mainland. Almost the whole territory is covered with massive hills, stony ridges.

Most of them are of volcanic origin, rising 3,000 meters above sea level. According to scientific data, the highest mountain is Wilhelm, which reaches 4509 meters. Between the hills are wide basins, filled with water, densely planted with tropical trees.

On the island there are several rivers: Ramu, Sepik, Markham, Purari, Fly. Scientists involved in geological exploration of the island, argue that the continent has a high seismic activity. The last eruption was recorded in the last century, during which thousands of people were injured, and huge damage was done to agriculture.

New Guinea Island: population

Life on tropical islands was born thousands of years ago, no one can say the exact date. The last census took place in 1900, at that time the number was about 10 million people. The indigenous inhabitants are the Papuans belonging to the equatorial race. In addition to Melanesians - this name is also called - the Asians and even the Europeans live.

The lack of civilization, jobs, as well as unfavorable living conditions and the presence of a high crime situation, forces the aborigines to migrate from the "mainland" of New Guinea. The island lives according to its customs and laws. Papuans create clans, tribes, elect elders, without which important tasks and decisions are not taken.

The main occupation of the population is agriculture. Wild tribes plow the land, plant palm trees with bananas, coconuts, as well as pineapples, sugar cane. No less popular is fishing, hunting. Some Aborigines extract precious metals, and then sell them on the black market.

Climatic conditions

The huge masses of water and the insignificant size of the land affected the climate as a whole. In the north, there is a humid equatorial climate, characterized by abundant downpours, insignificant winds. The summer temperature regime ranges from +30 ... + 32 ° C, at night slightly decreases.

The southern part of the continent is under the control of the subequatorial climatic zone. In the winter months (January-February) strong winds prevail on the island of Papua New Guinea. The island, to be more precise, the southeast (May-August) and the central part, are heavily flooded with tropical rains.

The remaining coastal territory (lowland) undergoes a drought until late autumn. In areas with high mountains and ridges, a small amount of precipitation falls, since the elevations serve as a protective barrier to the path of cold air masses and rain.

Economic situation

The relief of ridges prevents the construction of highways and connecting roads. To date, there is no ground communication with major countries of the State of New Guinea. The island has only air links with the Pacific regions. To maintain and develop the economy, the state in Oceania regularly receives financial support from Australia.

However, the infrastructure remains at an antediluvian level. The main reason is the non-observance of the rule of law by local residents. Crime and civil strife are inflaming in rural areas. In order to protect their property from looting and ruin, residents create communities.

The main activity of the population is agriculture. Thus, the market relations between tribes and regions are established. In mountainous areas, sweet potatoes and tea are cultivated, in the lowlands - vegetables, bananas, yams, taro. Grow different cereals, fruit, coffee and chocolate trees. Animal husbandry is practiced. Papua New Guinea is replete with mineral resources. The mining industry is actively developing.

Flora

The territory of the island of New Guinea is covered with evergreen savanna. In the jungle, valuable plant species and relict trees grow: sago and coconut palms, melon and breadfruit, mango, rubber, ficus, bamboo, pandanus, casuarina. Pines and ferns are found in the forest. And in the swampy terrain, mangrove plantations grow. On the banks of rivers you can see thickets of sugar cane.

Fauna

The fauna is rich and diverse. In the local rivers are found alligators, dangerous and poisonous snakes, as well as lizards and chameleons. The fauna is represented by amazing insects, exotic birds and reptiles. On the mainland there live paradise birds, cassowaries, crowned pigeons, large parrots. Large turtles creep along the coast. In the forests there are marsupial badgers, kangaroos, couscous. Local people are breeding animals habitual for our region: pigs, cows, horses, goats and other livestock.

Tourist orientation

Inveterate travelers know where the island of New Guinea is, and therefore are eager to get here in the summer months to see the colorful and diverse world of the jungle. In warm weather, enchanting festivals with national dances of Aborigines are organized here. Many are attracted by excursion in the wild jungle with a local guide, others - acquaintance with the sights of nearby resorts.

Things to do?

Having purchased a tour to the mainland island of Papua New Guinea, be sure to go diving. Each hotel and hotel offer similar services. The waters of the Pacific Ocean are an unusually colorful world, full of coral reefs, amazing sea creatures, large predators. At the bottom of the ocean you can see the flooded ships and planes.

No less popular is surfing and windsurfing. The best beaches for this extreme occupation are the coasts of the resorts of Vevak, Madang, Vanimo, Alotau. In coastal waters, it is allowed to fish, which is what the guests of the island are engaged in. It is possible to catch mackerel, giant carax, dog-toothed tuna, barracuda, salmon, perch and many other trophies. Rafting, canoeing, kayaking, sea walks are in great demand.

Papua New Guinea is a natural miracle of the world, melting many mysteries and tempting with its resources. If you are not afraid of bites of tropical mosquitoes and aggressive behavior of the Papuans, then boldly get a tour of the picturesque island.

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