How to stop the growth of ravines to preserve the natural properties of the soil?

Gullies are the result of water and soil erosion and are inconvenient for crop cultivation by land. How to stop the growth of gullies and what you need to do to protect the soil from their formation, read in the article.

Primary ravines

They are formed due to the concentration of water drains on one of the elements of the network located on the slope of the water intake, it may be a beam. In this case, water flows down artificial troughs, which were built by man.

What's happening? Water flows reach the bank of the beam, blurring the slope. As a result of the current, a primary ravine is formed, it is also called the coastal ravine. These ravines develop and eventually penetrate into the catchment slope. In this case, slope ravines are formed.

Primary ravine: stages of development

The ravines of this type are formed gradually. This process is conditionally divided into the following stages:

• The first, when the gullies are formed up to fifty centimeters in depth. A characteristic feature is the presence of a profile on the bottom of the surface slope. The cross section of such a ravine is a triangle or a trapezoid. The plowed lands and loose soils are very quickly subjected to such a process, in about one to three years.

• At the second stage, a vertex break is formed. This is due to the rapid blurring of the banks of the beam. The base of the precipice is washed away by a stream of water, as a result of which the wall collapses. The soil carries away the current. The breakage can reach ten meters in height. The profile line is concave.
• The third stage is characterized by the development of an equilibrium profile. Its beginning refers to the moment of lowering the mouth of the ravine to the level of the gully. The ravine increases in size.
• At the next stage, the growth of the ravine goes to a decline: the equilibrium profile begins to be developed. The bottom no longer deepens, due to the washing of the slopes, the width continues to grow. When the angle of inclination is restored and the soil becomes stable, vegetation will appear on the slope of the ravine. The formation of the ravine was completed. How to stop the growth of ravines, read below in the article.

Ravings secondary

They are formed due to the fact that when the bottom is washed away, they deepen. Such ravines are called bottom. On the tops of the hollows and gullies there are many hollows. On their bottom begin to grow gullies, which are called slope. They take their start on the bank of the gully. Moving up, dismember the slope of the catchment. Such ravines are called slope secondary.

Afforestation of ravines

People began to fight ravines long ago, back in the nineteenth century. How to stop the growth of ravines? It is necessary to fix the top and bottom, covered with manure, or plant a willow and poplar. That the ravine does not develop further, it needs to be fixed, to protect the soil from erosion. How to stop the growth of ravines? For this purpose it is advisable to plant forest belts.

They will strengthen the top and bottom of the ravine. You can use earthen ramparts and various structures of concrete. Natural fences from forest plantations absorb excess water, as a result of which the growth of ravines is suspended. Trees are planted at a distance of three to five meters from the edge of the ravine.

How can you protect the soil from the formation of ravines? Using the trees, using the ability of the roots to bind the soil. But it should be borne in mind that the roots absorb only surface moisture. Through the roots of the trees, a concentrated water stream flows freely. It should be taken into account that the root system can not always serve as a protection, since the roots of the plants are cut off, and the ground, together with the trees, slides down to the bottom of the ravine.

Soil erosion

When melting snow, streams of water rush down the slopes, wash and take away the thawed earth, there are gullies, and this is the beginning of the formation of ravines, which are capable of destroying fields, blocking roads.

The grassy slopes of the pastures are an excellent environment for the appearance of ravines. How to protect the soil from gully formation? To do this, you need to create a good plant grass, which prevents their appearance and increases the productivity of land.

The process of gully formation is facilitated by wind erosion, during which dust, sand, soil rises. All this rushes over wide expanses and settles on the ground. Nanosomes sometimes reach three meters in height, destroying crops. In the wind, the soil is blown out twenty-five centimeters deep and rises up to a distance of three kilometers, as a result of which the mechanical elements of the soil are blown out. The formation of swaths and ruts - the forerunners of ravines. Agricultural land is then classified as inconvenient, hampering the cultivation of the soil.

As a result of erosion, soil drought occurs, the physical properties of soils deteriorate, their biological activity decreases, resulting in a decrease in crop yields. How to protect the ground from the formation of ravines? It is necessary to prevent the occurrence of soil erosion. The application of soil protection rotations, forest reclamation and agrotechnical measures help in the fight against erosion. This is facilitated by the construction of hydroelectric facilities.