Geopolitical situation

The geopolitical position of the state reflects its place on the political world map. In addition, this term implies the attitude of the state to different countries or groups of countries.

The first global geopolitical rearrangement in the history of mankind resulted in the defeat of the Austrian-German bloc, the signing of the Saint-Germain and Versailles Treaty in 1919 and the formation of the Versailles-Washington system. As a result, the defeated states disintegrated, new powers began to form, the colonies were redistributed and new political alliances formed.

The status of great states was confirmed by England, America and France. However, the US strengthened its geopolitical position more than anyone, and at that time it became rich in military supplies. At that time, America's influence was very significant.

The geopolitical position of Russia has significantly worsened after the end of the existence of the USSR. The Soviet Union had borders with twelve countries overland. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, new borders were formed between Russia and the former republics, some of which gained a new status - "continental countries of the world" (for example, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and others). Today, virtually all subjects of the Russian Federation are borderline. Two subjects border on three countries. For example, the Pskov region has borders with Estonia, Belarus and Latvia.

The geopolitical position of the Russian Federation has significantly worsened as a result of the elimination of the political bloc, consisting of the Warsaw Pact member countries, and the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA). A number of former socialist republics have already been admitted to NATO and the EEC. As a result of the transformation, the geopolitical position of the Russian state is now practically at the same level as during the reign of Ivan the Terrible.

After the collapse of the USSR, Russia did not have a convenient exit to the sea, well-equipped Baltic (Riga, Tallinn, Ventspils, Klaipeda) and Black Sea ports (Odessa, Sevastopol, Nikolayev, Ilyichevsk). In addition, the country lost many naval bases.

The territorial losses also led to the loss of part of the resource potential. Along with this, Russia also lost powerful fixed assets in the form of military bases, factories, sanatoria, resorts and other institutions of all-Union subordination. To fill these losses it was necessary to again form the production base.

According to many researchers, a group of leading states, like a hundred years ago, remains quite limited and has practically unchanged composition. The only, perhaps, change experts believe is the replacement of Austria-Hungary by Canada and China.

The situation of the leading countries today, conditioned by the dynamics and indicators of changes in their geopolitical potentials and statuses, is viewed as part of the global geopolitical configuration, in the form of geopolitical rotation. Important characteristics in this matter is the rotational vector and speed, increasing in the war period. As a general trend of changes in the geopolitical situation, researchers note a permanent increase in the capacities of almost all the state leaders, with their gradual degradation in the countries of the "third world". Thus, the leading countries, together with a relatively small number of the so-called "new industrial powers," are increasingly breaking away from the rest of the group.

Many experts note that the largest concentration of leading countries is observed in the regions of North America, Western Europe, Central Eurasia. Occupying these territories, three countries (Russia, the US and Germany) throughout the twentieth century exerted a powerful influence on the dynamics and nature of the world geopolitical configuration.