Furnace with stove: projects, materials selection, construction

A stove with a couch is a multifunctional design. It not only heats the house, but it can also be used to treat colds, musculoskeletal disorders and cooking. For ancestors, this heating equipment was a real heart of the house, it acted as a universal helper.

They made such stoves quite large, their dimensions were as follows: 1.8 x 3 m. Constructions were constantly drowned. To date, many varieties of the Russian kiln are known, if you also want to prefer it to your home, you can consider variations to choose a design depending on the needs of the family.

Some features of a stove with a couch

A stove with a couch should have a width of 1.5 m and more, while the length of the structure is more than 2 m. It is necessary to have the floor at an altitude of 1.8 m. The fireplace is placed 45 cm from the floor.

The foundation can be made of stones, brick battles or combine it with the common base of the house. Today you can find reinforced concrete, brick and concrete bases. As a material for the furnace is burned brick, and the chimneys were originally wooden, later became stone and brick.

When a stove with a couch and a hob is made, the box is placed 80 or 100 cm from the floor. In the subterranean you can store household utensils. The subterranean can still be found in Russian ovens. This option is subjected to high loads, so when erecting the masonry should be done particularly carefully. To do this, you need to prepare a special brick.

After completing the work, the surface of the hearth should be sanded, which will achieve an ideal smoothness. Below you need to place a pole for the pots. Instead, it sometimes arranges a hob.

Projects of the Russian furnace

A stove with a stove should have a baking oven. In this construction, the lower part will not be warmed up. The couch should be used for rest, harvesting fruit or drying clothes. When the couch is made bunk, then the whole family can rest on it.

An additional function of the design is expressed in the fact that you can even wash on the floor, for this the water is heated in a vat. If necessary, the furnace can be supplemented with other structures. For example, today they are built together with cooking iron surfaces.

For the arrangement of a small oven, the following dimensions can be used: 1500 x 1750 mm. If you need a bigger oven, then the last parameter can be increased to 2300 mm. An additional element can be an oven or a fireplace. Considering the designs of the furnaces, you can pay attention that sometimes the hob is installed in the place where the pole, which was previously deaf, should be located.

Sometimes the structure has a couch, in this case it is possible to increase the area of the couch. Some designs of stoves assume the presence of a fireplace, located in the next room. This is convenient for the reason that there is no need to build a separate foundation, as for the smoke extraction system. If the room has not so large area, then the design with a fireplace in the next room does not take much space.

Material selection

In order for the furnace to last as long as possible, it is necessary to choose the right fireclay, which will be exposed to high temperatures during operation. Discard those products that do not correspond to the actual dimensions. On their surface there should be no cracks, burrs and scoring, it is important to pay attention to the appearance of the composition. Foreign inclusions can reduce the quality of the brick.

It is necessary to abandon the acquisition of too dark, warped, swollen items that have spots on the faces. Do not fit and those bricks that have traces of gas evolution during roasting, they have the appearance of rounded shells with a smooth inner surface. Dacha ovens, however, can be built using chamotte bricks, on the surface of which there may be shells, but not more than four. On one side there can be only one such shell.

Features of foundation construction

Furnaces with a stove made of bricks have quite impressive weight, which can reach 8 tons. Therefore, the foundation must be reliable and reinforced. The base is poured in such a way that it is removed from the main foundation of the house by 5 cm, while deepening the construction is necessary at 80 cm.

At the bottom, a 10-cm layer of sand is poured, which is compacted. Then there is a layer of rubble, which also requires compaction. In the space obtained, a reinforcing frame is fixed, reinforced with wire. Pouring concrete should be done so that the level of the foundation was slightly higher than the finish floor covering.

Construction of the Russian furnace

If you decide to build a stove with a couch, it will be necessary to prepare:

• Single red brick in the amount of 1600 pieces;
• Chamotte wedge-shaped brick - 100 pieces;
• Chamotte - 250 pieces;
• Chamotte clay;
• Sheet steel;
• Corner.

For the construction you need a solid base to prevent the furnace from sinking. The niche under the stove is overlapped, and also supplemented with wooden supports. They must be coated with antiseptic before use.

Dacha ovens do not always overlap from the outside. They can be covered with plaster or tiles. Plaster can produce clay mortar. As an alternative solution is the plaster heat-resistant mixture, which is realized in the finished form.

Features of masonry furnace

A stove with a stove should be completely sealed by its own hands, this will ensure safe operation. Therefore, you should abandon the use of cracked bricks. The joints between products must have a thickness of 5 to 8 mm. To do this, it is best to use clay, promazyvaya it walls from the inside.

Ceramic brick before laying should be soaked, so that it does not absorb moisture from the solution. The outer walls are laid out in one or half of the brick, while the inner walls are laid out in half a brick. If for the formation of internal walls to use a thickness of 1 brick, the structure will be heated much longer, and fuel can not be saved.

Furnace order

Russian stove with a couch in a village house should be laid according to the order. In the second row, internal channels for cleaning are formed, while in the third row, doors must be installed for the cleaning and blowing chambers. In the fourth row, the entrances to the internal channels are formed, the masonry overlaps, forming the ceiling of the bottom channel. In the fifth row, a grate should be installed, while on the sixth row a water heating tank is installed.

In the next row, a small firebox will be formed, and the eighth and ninth rows will serve as a place for fixing the door and a small furnace. The tenth row will become the place of the bottom of the furnace and the connection of large and small furnaces. Then the valve is installed in a horizontal position, the entrance is made for the chimney, the masonry begins to taper, blocking the cooking chamber.

In the 17th row, you can install a screed of the back wall with a metal strip. The template is installed on the bottom of the furnace, and at the next stage it is possible to fix the wall above the entrance to the cooking chamber. On the 22nd row, the piping should be narrowed, and then install the chimney cleaning door . Overturning on the 27th and 29th rows will need to be connected to the chimney. Further, chimneys for furnaces are laid out, after which the cutting is formed. The pipe should be taken out through the attic, laying the waterproofing between the roofing material and the pipe.

The main components of the chimney of the Russian furnace

The Russian oven must have a brick chimney, which is installed on the structure itself. For 6 rows before the interfloor overlapping, the end part ends, the cervix begins. This node is an extension of the chimney, but the section remains the same as the whole pipe. The outer part is enlarged by 40 cm.

The part of the chimney that will go into the attic is called the riser, it goes up to the roof itself. Chimneys for stoves have another cut, called an otter, this is an extension from 4 sides. Due to this, the precipitation does not fall into the gap between the chimney and the roof.

After the otter it is possible to proceed to the necking, it will have the same dimensions as the chimney itself. Masonry ends with an extension that forms a head. On it you can install a deflector or a metal cap to protect the chimney from rain, debris and snow, and for traction it's good.

Conclusion

Do not assume that the traditional Russian stove with a couch has already sunk into oblivion. Even today, such structures are installed in country cottages and out-of-town dwelling houses, where they are used for heating and cooking. The presence of a trestle increases fuel consumption, but insignificantly, and furnace equipment proves to be more efficient. That is why it is almost as popular as it is because it uses other types of fuel when working. In addition, firewood is always available, especially outside the city, where such furnaces are most often built.