Frame-monolithic construction of cottages

In the eyes of experienced realtors and ordinary consumers who are familiar with construction technologies, houses on a monolithic basis are valued above others. The object may be in an unattractive area, have insufficiently developed infrastructure and other shortcomings, but in one advantage such buildings can not be denied - high strength. The same technology is based and monolithic construction of cottages, but with some nuances. If high-rise multi-storey buildings do not tolerate compromises and are designed with the expectation of laying a "clean" monolith in the structure, then private houses like cottages can be built on combined technology with the principles of frame-building.

General information about the technology

The traditional technology of monolithic construction assumes the formation of a frame from a single force material. Bearers in this case are made of reinforced concrete, which creates a skeleton at home, with the base being made one-piece. The same system can be used to build cottages. However, the need to achieve the same high strength in this case will not be due to a lesser load. A typical private house has one or two floors, the load on the carriers of which will be quite acceptable for the prefabricated structure. Combined technology of monolithic construction of cottages with the inclusion of frame elements suggests that individual components will be represented by another material. As a rule, there are partitions and external walls that are foreign. This dilution allows you to save on the organization of construction, and on the material itself, but without a critical decrease in the reliability and durability of the building.

What materials are used?

Despite the fact that monolithic construction is associated with reinforced concrete, the range of materials used is very extensive. The reference is the use in the design of reinforcing bars made of steel (in modern technology - from composite glass fiber reinforced plastic), fiber-reinforced concrete and brick. Panels can be used as foreign elements, which act as overlaps and partitions, although this decision is not welcomed even in the projects of private houses. The fact is that the monolithic construction of cottages under any configurations will require considerable investment, and the presence of frankly weak places in the junctions of the transition from reinforced concrete to panels is not justified. As for bricks or building blocks, these skeletons can only be treated as monolithic - conventionally - and for the reason that they noticeably benefit from the strength characteristics of nonmonolithic prefabricated frame houses.

Building process

Houses of this type are built according to a design decision, in which points and lines of communication are initially indicated. In the future, a monolithic frame will be formed with the expectation of laying the engineering networks. The first thing in the course of construction is a foundation foundation, which will form a solid plate with a thickness of about 100 cm. It is also reinforced with fiberglass or metal rods. In the future, the construction of monolithic houses and cottages is carried out continuously, with pouring concrete. The basic supporting elements are ready columns, the cavities of which must also be filled with a solution. Then the upper concrete frame is created, the strapping is made and, if necessary, additional reinforcement with monolithic beams. After that, already with the use of integrated components are installed floors and partitions. The final stages of construction are carried out using common technologies for arranging openings, lining and laying utilities.

Modifications of technology

It is possible to distinguish two technologies, in accordance with their principles, similar to monolithic-skeleton construction. One of them, more affordable for the price, involves the use of high-strength wooden beams instead of columns of planed sawn timber. This applies to economy class projects without a second floor. The second technology places more emphasis on the composite carcass formation. A distinctive feature of this technique is that the reinforced concrete base is not built directly on the construction site, but is assembled from individual components that were previously manufactured in the factory. Prefabricated-monolithic construction of cottages also provides for the entry into the construction of columns, connecting bolts and floor panels. That is, a kind of house-kit is delivered to the site, from which elements a cottage is built.

Technology advantages

The houses, erected on frame-monolithic technology, are characterized by durability, durability and high thermal insulation. In the future, from the builders will require a minimal arrangement of the building in terms of providing insulation materials. Also noted the flexibility of technology in terms of planning - this is especially beneficial for individual projects. Monolithic construction assumes a minimum of architectural limitations in comparison with the panel method. Despite the external thoroughness and complexity, the frame-monolithic construction of the cottage is realized in a short time. In part, this is due to the technological requirement - at the disposal of the builders there are limited time intervals for pouring concrete and introducing reinforcing bars. The continuity of the process ultimately determines the high rate of production.

Disadvantages of technology

Monolithic construction as such due to the nature of the organization of work is more expensive than the panel methods of construction. According to various estimates, the cost increases by 15-20%. Also a disadvantage is the requirement for seasonal work. It is recommended to erect such houses only in the summer, since at temperatures below 5 ° C the properties of the concrete solution may change, which will not allow to ensure sufficient quality of the structure. Only in extreme cases, monolithic construction of cottages is carried out in winter, and even then with the dilution of the concrete base with frost-resistant additives.

Cost of monolithic frame construction

As already mentioned, one of the weak points of technology is financial investments. The work of the brigade averages 6-7 thousand / m ³ . This is directly a workflow with the laying of the foundation. At the same time the construction of monolithic cottages "turnkey" today costs 15-17 thousand / m ³ . Of course, much will depend on the region and the skills of workers, but it is not worthwhile to expect a significant drop in prices.

Already at the rates of payment for construction workers, one can note a serious difference with the technology of a panel or prefabricated structure. But even more it is expressed in the prices for finished objects. In the secondary market, we can talk about initial rates of 2-3 million rubles. - and this will be quite affordable monolithic construction of cottages. The price in the average segment for houses with an area of 250-300 m ² may exceed 10 million rubles. Again, frame-prefabricated and panel objects are 20% cheaper.

Conclusion

At this stage of development in the sphere of monolithic housing construction, two promising directions are noted. One of them is oriented towards the mass consumer and in some way provides model projects. Optimization of this direction is due to the fact that the cost of building a monolithic cottage at the same 15 thousand / m ³ for many potential customers remains overwhelmingly high. Therefore, due to the unification of construction methods, technologists expect to increase the competitiveness of such proposals. The second direction is oriented towards those who do not want to compromise and expect to receive a completely unique cottage with an individualized architecture and application of the best modern building materials. Actually, this direction of development is actively used in the spheres of public urban planning, with the implementation of large-scale projects of entertainment and shopping complexes.