Formwork for the column: device, installation and types. Board for formwork

The column is used in architecture: it supports beams and slabs of ceilings, and is also used in the design of entrances to cottages. Columns allow you to create rooms with an impressive area without partitions. The most solid among them are monolithic structures, in the construction of which formwork is used. If you plan to do such work yourself, you must understand the main types, as well as the features of the formwork installation.

Varieties of formwork

Formwork for columns can be classified according to the material of manufacture and the method of application. According to the last feature, there are fixed, one- and multi-reusable forms. With regard to the material of manufacture, it is the following:

• metal;
• plastic;
• wood;
• cardboard.

Among the advantages of the first variety is the ease of installation and dismantling of the structure. Steel formwork has an exact geometry, so with its help it is possible to form a high-quality monolith surface. Plastic formwork for columns is most often used for round structures. You can make it from a water pipe, the diameter of which will be suitable.

And with the help of boards wooden structures are assembled - they use bars and plywood sheets for this. You can make wooden formwork for the column yourself, but it is suitable only for rectangular products. The disadvantage is the complexity of the assembly to obtain a monolith with the correct geometry. As for cardboard formwork, it is disposable. With its help it is possible to create columns of a cylindrical shape, and it is necessary to use dense cardboard, which is covered with special impregnations.

Formwork device

Formwork for the column is built according to certain rules. Like the wall, the future design will have a small thickness, which is especially true if you compare with height. This feature should be taken into account when calculating the loads. The pressure in the upper part will be less than at the base. Between the height and width there will be a big difference, which negatively affects the stability of the formwork. To avoid collapse, additional reinforcement should be made.

Formwork should be made strong, so that it was able to undergo the weight of concrete pouring. Curvature is unacceptable, because the column in this case will turn out to be fragile. The installed elements for filling should be strictly vertical. If this rule is not met, then there will be deformation forces that destroy the architectural element.

Features of the installation

If you will install a formwork for the column, you can use plywood boards or wooden boards for the work. In this case, the material can be disposable. This method allows you to achieve the formation of an element of a square or rectangular shape.

To begin with, you should prepare a drawing indicating the dimensions. The boards are assembled from the boards, and their side, in contact with the concrete, should be cut and polished. Installation formwork provides fastening to the boards of stiffeners, which consist of wooden bars. The connection of individual shields is carried out with the help of self-tapping screws and nails.

Then you can start making the reinforcing cage. To do this, the bars are joined in the shape of a rectangle, and you can use a binding wire or a welding method. Around the framework, wooden parts are exposed, which will form a monolithic formwork. In the lower part of the structure, the fastening should be particularly reliable, because here the column will undergo a high load.

In order for the described structure to be easier to dismantle, its inner part should be covered with polyethylene film or linoleum. The formwork can be installed not only with the help of plywood and boards, but also extruded polystyrene foam or polystyrene foam. Such formwork is usually made not removable, in its center there is a plastic pipe, which is poured with concrete. Before filling the mold with mortar, it is necessary to perform reinforcement and install supports from different sides.

Assembly of cardboard formwork

When it is planned to erect a round column, special-purpose cardboard is used. Among its advantages are:

• a light weight;
• The possibility of giving complex forms;
• Low cost;
• Simplicity of installation;
• Good insulating qualities.

The last factor is especially important in the cold season. When you plan to install a formwork for round columns, and there is no special cardboard at hand, you can use the usual one. However, under these conditions it is important to follow certain rules:

1. The fine-mesh reinforced steel mesh should be rolled up into a roll, and its edges should be fastened with a wire.
2. From the cardboard a roll is formed and placed inside the mesh, so that the material can be straightened and lie on the mesh.
3. The formwork is installed in place and reinforced with supports.
4. To obtain an impressive cardboard sheet, you should combine the material with an overlap with adhesive tape.

Shelving and bolting formwork

Formwork for pouring columns can be beam-bolt. Such forms are also used for building walls. And this form of formwork is available for self-assembly - special equipment and equipment will not be required. To carry out the work, you should choose a flat area where it would be convenient to carry out assembly manipulations.

Methods of work

• At the specified distance, you should place the crossbar on the deck.
• A wooden beam is installed perpendicular to the crossbars. Fastening is carried out by ties.
• To the beams of self-tapping screws from thick plywood are fixed.
• The boards for the formwork from above and below are reinforced with uneven bars. This will prevent deformation under the influence of the mass of concrete.
• Shields are connected with screeds, for which openings along the edges should be provided. In order for the screeds to attract the shields at the corners as reliably as possible, wedge-shaped inserts will be required.

Planks for formwork beam and beam system can be used repeatedly, as well as metal, as well as plastic elements. One-time is only a cardboard formwork.

Installation and formwork of metal

Metal formwork for columns is a bonded shield of the required size. The elements are connected by means of mounting angles. As a result, it is possible to obtain L-shaped blocks that are completed in a single system. In the working position, they are connected with each other by spring clips, which ensure their quick connector when tearing.

Formwork for monolithic columns provides fastening with clamps, which perceive the horizontal pressure of the solution and protect the panels from deformation. Individual parts of the yokes are hinged, which allows them to be quickly installed and removed. Before starting installation of the system for pouring on a concrete foundation, risks are applied with the help of paint. This allows you to fix the position of the axes in two coordinates. The same risks must be applied to the end edges of the shields.

The position of the lower box is fixed by the limiters from the trim pieces of the reinforcement, which are welded to the frame and outlets. Reconciliation of the formwork is carried out with the help of wedge inserts. The second and subsequent tiers should be collected from the mobile scaffolding. Once the formwork has been fully assembled, it should be aligned vertically and secured with braces. The crevices between the base and the lower shields are pinched.

Conclusion

With the formwork you can create columns of any shape and height. These structures can have arbitrary parameters. To date, we know of two types of work, the first of which involves the installation of formwork for universal columns. The second technology involves the formation of formwork with a fixed cross-section.

Earlier the columns were used only as a decorative element, today they serve as supporting elements for different buildings.