Farms: farm types, description, classification and operating principle

In the construction of the farm cover different areas of application, acting as mechanical and frame structural elements of structures. In essence, they are rod systems, which, depending on operating conditions, can provide different degrees of tension and compression. But this is a simplified arrangement of this element, since complex systems representing complex farms also occur. Types of farms of this type are formed by rectilinear rods, which are connected to nodes. In addition to construction, it is worth noting livestock farms, in which farms are also used, but of a different kind.

General classification of construction farms

Constructions of this type are widely represented in different designs. One of the main ways of separating them is the sign of destination. Thus, bridge, tower and hoisting crane systems are distinguished. In places where it is required to provide a rafter structure, also the structure of coatings protruding by supporting components is used. A common feature for classification is the method of support, on which the technical device of the object depends. In particular, two-bearing, multi-support, screw and arched construction farms are distinguished. Types of combined supports can be called universal. Given the correct calculation of loads and fixation mechanisms, such systems are suitable for different support systems, among which are hinged and rigid mechanisms. To avoid deforming processes and destruction during operation, it is important to take into account the ability of the structure to cope with loads. Light and heavy farms stand out due to the load-carrying capacity. In the first case, profile components can withstand up to 300 tons per 50-meter span, and in the second - more than 300 tons.

Structural features of farms

In most cases, the main function of construction farms is power support. The base of the structure as such has an insignificant bearing capacity, so the main attention in this regard is paid to reinforcing belts, which determine the overall system of the complex. Two-lingual and three-sided constructions stand out. Obviously, from the point of view of the bearing capacity it is more advantageous to use additionally reinforced farms. Types of farms with three belts have higher strength, bending and torsional resistance. These qualities relieve engineers of the need to form additional bundles, since the basic reinforcement system provides sufficient resistance to the compressed contour. At the same time, the reinforcing belts can have different structural design, differ in size and slope parameters. In industrial and public buildings, for example, the use of fishy and vaparous systems of contours, in which the system of parallel belts is realized.

Types of wooden trusses

A fairly significant sign of the division of farms is the material. Despite the growing popularity of polymer and composite structures, the main types are still metal and wooden devices. The latter are most often used in one-pitched and gable roofs. With their help rafter systems are being developed in different versions. For example, laminated mounting legs suggest the creation of supports on poles or walls of the house in single-girder structures. On the other hand, for gable systems, different types of trusses are used, among which are arched and hanging devices. In the first case, the base is made of board arches, which provides support for roofing by running. Hanging legs during the installation are tightened by tightening, which prevents separate elements from moving apart and deforming the frame of the house.

Metal trusses

The main criterion for classifying such farms is the type of section of the profile elements. There are closed and open components. Closed systems are formed using elements of a rectangular or circular shape. As for open systems, they use paired and single corners, channels, tavrovye products and other products of rolled metal in the form of a small profile. Next, it is worth noting the variety of reinforcing components that serve to support belts. Even high-strength types of steel trusses, depending on the operating conditions, may require additional support of the support. Common reinforced concrete slabs, for example, require adequate power support, which can only be provided by metal trusses with up to 14 mm thick lining. The larger the span of the span in the farm, the higher the requirements for reinforcing fittings.

Principles of work of construction farms

To understand the working process on which the farm systems are based, one should refer to their traditional device. The construction of the trusses includes triangles, which can be mounted on hinges. For example, complex tower type booms of a tower crane contain triangles of different sizes - small and large. Since any rod is more effective in demonstrating its performance in compression-stretching, rather than bending, the main force is applied in the places where the nodes of the farm connection are located. Types of farms with articulated joints are still a rarity - in most cases, the fastening is carried out rigidly and with the expectation that the position is unchanged. In other words, even if two bars in the metal structure are cut, they will not rotate.

Livestock farms

In the livestock sector, the farm is an agricultural target, on which, as a rule, livestock is grown. Such objects can be included in agrotechnical complexes of state farms, collective farms and other enterprises engaged in economic activities. Modern farms are distinguished by the availability of means of mechanization, which allow to minimize manual labor in the process of keeping animals. In such complexes can be provided units that provide automatic feed, milking, harvesting, etc. The fish farm is gaining popularity and the type that requires other approaches to the technical organization of the economy. For example, the owner should ensure the possibility of regular cleaning of water, air, provide the same feeding systems. The created conditions and form a complete farm complex.

Classification of farms for animals by design

If the construction farms are guided by the functions of performing power support of structures, then in this case it is supposed to extract financial profit. This factor can not but affect the approaches to the technical organization of such facilities. Large enterprises choose complex construction of farms from scratch. This option makes it possible to realize farms that are designed for large volumes of production. But in the small business environment, species of livestock farms, which are compact mini-complexes of the prefabricated type, are becoming increasingly popular. As a rule, they provide as a part of technical support a complete set of necessary equipment, but only with the expectation of a smaller number of heads.

Conclusion

With all the differences in construction and livestock farms, we can single out the points of their convergence. Thus, when organizing farms for breeding sheep, pigs, or cows, it is inevitable that large hangar-type rooms need to be built. Just in them and can be used metal or wooden trusses. Types of farms for livestock in almost any performance require maintenance of large areas, which are advisable to arrange with the help of panel and rafter systems. The best option is a frame structure, including elements of construction farms. Such profiles can be used in part, and as a full-fledged component for technical support of a particular facility.