Bearing and fencing structures in modern construction

Any building - a residential high-rise building, a miniature cottage, an office skyscraper or a nondescript extension in the suburban area in order to fully function and withstand all the loads, must meet the requirements and norms. No building can consist only of thin enclosing partitions and can not be erected with structures directly on the ground, without laying a foundation and foundation. In any building there are load-bearing and enclosing structures that perform different functions and are designed depending on a variety of values: snow and wind loads, constant load, and also taking into account such a parameter as the own weight of the structure, dynamic and static influences (movement of people inside the building , The availability of furniture and equipment).

Types of buildings by type of load-bearing structures

Depending on which layout of the load-bearing elements is chosen for the construction of the building, they can be divided into several types. The first type is when only walls are used as load-bearing elements; In this case, bearing walls can be located along and across the building, and sometimes a mixed type is used. Such a calculation of load-bearing structures is often used in the design of residential buildings, since, in addition to performing the function of a bearing element, the walls also serve as partitions between different rooms. When it comes to industrial buildings, columns are often used as supporting structures. But if an administrative building is required for an industrial building, a combined type of planning is often used: columns and bearing walls. In any case, the load-bearing and enclosing structures are selected depending on the purpose of the building.

Materials

What materials are used to make enclosing structures and load-bearing elements? As a rule, it is reinforced concrete and brick. If it is a frame structure of a building with supporting columns, then both ferro-concrete and metal elements can be used. Then, reinforced concrete wall panels, brickwork, reinforced concrete and foam blocks are used as enclosing structures. In addition, other materials can be used - wood, corrugated board, sandwich panels, etc. For the construction of houses with frameless skeletons, as a rule, reinforced concrete, brick, natural stone are used. If the decision is made to use reinforced concrete, then panels, slabs and blocks of the necessary sizes are ordered. The brick is put in one or two rows. The thickness of the wall is chosen depending on what you need to erect - load-bearing and enclosing structures, or we are talking about partitions that can be an order of magnitude thinner. More to the enclosing structures are the slabs, which separate the building in a horizontal plane.

Additives

If we are talking about the construction of a residential house, the supporting and enclosing structures, in addition to ensuring the reliability, strength and stability of the house, should also carry an energy-saving function. Simply put, to ensure maximum heat and noise insulation of the room. To do this, additional layers are often installed (if not provided for by the configuration of the enclosing wall): vapor barrier film, expanded polystyrene (basalt wool, foam, etc.)