Bricklaying

Brick building construction still occupies a niche in construction. Brick masonry is characterized by strength and stability. The strength of the masonry is its ability to perceive the load transferred from the overlying structures. It affects the size and shape of materials for masonry, the density and thickness of mortar joints, the brand of brick and mortar. The thickness is 10-15 mm for longitudinal (horizontal) seams and 8-15 mm for vertical ones.

The stability of the masonry is its ability to maintain its position under horizontal (for example, wind) loads, it limits the height of the erected wall.

Brick laying on the outside of the wall is made of high-grade quality brick, and on the inside is a brick with flaws, halves. Pieces are used for backfilling.

To build the walls were vertical, and the seams - horizontal, level, use the device - the pier (stretched horizontally) and the order (installed vertically, in the corners). All the brickwork is done with the dressing of the seams (the second row starts with half a brick). This not only gives an aesthetic appearance to the wall, but evenly distributes the load. The outer row of bricks in the wall is a verst, the inside is a backfill. Brick masonry is poking and spoon. In the first case, the brick is laid across the wall, in the second - along it.

Types of masonry brick: single-row, three-row, as well as multi-row. In the first case, with a chain single-row system, the poke and spoon rows alternate dressings. Vertical transverse seams have a displacement of a quarter of the brick, while the longitudinal - in half. This masonry is simple in execution, has high strength, but is labor-intensive.

With a three-row dressing, three rows of spoons alternate with one tychkovym. Cross vertical seams in 3 adjacent rows are not bandaged. This type of masonry is used for the construction of piers up to 1 m wide and pillars.

The multi-row system is characterized by bunching rows either in three or five spoonfuls. The transverse vertical seams of the rows of bouncers are made with a displacement of a quarter of the brick, spoon - on half of the brick. Longitudinal vertical seams from the 2nd to the 6th row are not bandaged. Masonry brick multi - row is more productive, but less durable.

The first stage of load on the masonry is normal natural exploitation. The second stage of the load leads to the appearance of cracks in the individual bricks. At the third stage, vertical cracks develop, but the masonry still perceives external forces, acts, although it already needs restoration.

Repair of brickwork is associated with such problems as cracks in the brick, dying brick, breaking the seams. If the skin is small, then they are slightly expanded, cleaned and filled with a liquid cement mortar. In case of significant cracks, the solution should be thicker and with the addition of glue. Sometimes bricks are dyed. To replace (a small amount) accurately chisel and hammer knock out the grout, remove the brick, debris, dirt and put a new brick high-quality brick. For repair of the seam, the old solution that has become unusable is knocked out and replaced with a new one.