Fodder wheat of the 5th class. Feed for farm animals. Fodder grain

Forage grains are cereals intended for feeding farm animals. Fodder is the basis of rations in poultry and pig production, as well as a valuable component in cattle breeding. Such crops can not be used for food purposes.

Use of fodder

Fodder grain is a very valuable and useful product for animals. It is endowed with all necessary vitamins and microelements for the full development and growth of livestock and poultry. In addition, the cereals contain a lot of carbohydrates, protein and amino acids. Also forage has a high energy value. The price of forage is lower, which makes it possible to significantly reduce the cost of livestock products.

Common types of grain crops

Among fodder grains the following crops are most common:

• Cereals - wheat, rye, oats, corn, barley, millet.
• Beans - beans, peas, ranks, beans, lentils, soybeans.

Fodder Wheat

Wheat is not only the most important food, but also forage crops. Almost half of the entire crop is spent for fodder needs.

It is a herbaceous annual plant, 50-150 cm high. It happens to be winter and spring. Today there are many varieties of wheat. Conditionally they can be divided into hard and soft species. Solid wheat varieties on top of the ear have a thick-walled, filled with a dense mass, a straw. In soft cultures, on the contrary, the straw is thin-walled and hollow along the entire length.

Grade of grain

Depending on the quality, according to GOST, hard and soft wheat varieties are divided into different classes of grain.

Grain of solid grades has 5 divisions, and soft - 6. All classes, except 5 and 6, are used for food purposes.

• The highest, 1 and 2 classes of wheat refers to strong varieties, which can be used both independently and as an intensifier of weak varieties in baking.
• 3 class is considered very valuable. In the food industry it is used independently and does not need improvement.
• Class 4 wheat can be used in the food industry and bakery only after its improvement by higher grades.
• 5-6 classes of wheat grain are referred to as "forage".

The gradation according to the quality classes in this standard is carried out according to the parameters of gluten, moisture, protein (except for class 5), density, pest infestation, harmful, grain and trash admixture.

In determining the quality of forage grains, the level of its condition (the content of dry matter, crude protein, exchange energy, crude fiber, phosphorus, calcium, etc.) is taken into account first of all.

Wheat fodder 5 class

Wheat of class 5 - is non-food, therefore it is intended for fattening of domestic animals and production of mixed fodders. In its composition, it almost does not differ from food. However, if for grains intended for food purposes a high percentage of starch and gluten content is considered worth, then for animal feed it is rather a disadvantage. Therefore, forage fodder in feeds of small and large cattle, pigs, sheep and poultry (ducks, chickens, geese) serves only as an additive to the main rations and is not used as mono-food.

• For chickens, the grain is prepared by grinding, germination or yeast and can not be more than 60% of the total portion of the feed.
• The amount of fodder grain in the ration of cows is calculated depending on the weight of the animal and milk yield, and may amount to about 30% of the total nutrition of the feed.
• For fattening pigs, the optimal amount of wheat in the feed is 20-40%.

Indicators of feed wheat

Forage there are mandatory requirements for quality. So, wheat forage GOST R 52554-2006 should be healthy, not infected with pests and have industrial value. In the composition, the presence of grain impurities up to 15%, weeding 3%, germinating grains not more than 2% is allowed. Humidity should not exceed 15%

According to the protein content, forage wheat exceeds all other cereals, in addition, it is a high-calorie feed, second only to maize. The grain contains 10-15% of proteins, a small amount (up to 2%) of fats, 2-3% of sugar, up to 65% of carbohydrates, which are mainly starch. Also there is a full set of essential amino acids, vitamins B, E, PP, microelements - potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium.

Advantages of fodder wheat

First of all, forage wheat is a valuable food product, which contains many useful micro- and macroelements, lysine, amino acids, phosphorus, which favorably influence the development and health of livestock. Soft variety is used to feed finicky animals and birds. Wheat fodder (price 7500 - 8500 rub./t) is considered more popular than other forage crops due to its affordable cost, flavor, nutritional and useful properties. Used as food practical for all types of farm animals and poultry.

Animals that feed on such food are well added in weight and height, and give healthy offspring.

disadvantages

Lack of feed wheat - high content of gluten and starch, which in the stomach of animals form an adhesive mass, capable of causing pain and colic in the abdomen. In addition, excessive consumption of wheat by forage can lead to obesity, which increases the risk of various diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully monitor the dosage of all feeds so that your farm does not harm.

Corn feed (grain)

Corn is the queen of the fields. Its feed value is 1.34 fodder units. According to GOST 13634-90, maize is divided into three classes, depending on the percentage of damaged grains and grain impurities. The third class of this culture is used for animal feed. The maximum permissible percentage of grain impurities for a given class should not exceed 15%, and the amount of germinated grains should not exceed 5%. Depending on the color and type of grain, this crop is divided into 9 types, each of which can be used for feed purposes and the production of mixed fodders.

Feed barley

Barley grade 3, or forage, like corn, is the main fodder crop, included in the diet of large horned animals. It is rich in amino acids and lysine. It is considered the most cost-effective culture. Suitable for all farm animals. He is loved by almost everyone - cows, horses, pigs and even rabbits. Feed value reaches 1.2 feed units. The quality of barley forage is regulated in GOST 28672-90.

Oats forage

The quality of oats is determined in accordance with GOST 28673-90. This culture is divided, depending on the grain admixture, into four main classes. Oats, which comprise 12 to 15% of grain impurity, belong to the fourth (fodder) class. Of all the crops, the nature of oats is the lowest - 460 grams / liter.