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The family of Solanaceae. The fruit of nightshade plants of potato and tomato is called as?

The significance of the plants of the Solanaceae family is great. Edible representatives are very valuable specimens for agriculture. So, potatoes and tomatoes have become an important element of any garden, and even entire plantations are created for their cultivation.

Nightshade plants of potato and tomato. What is the name of their fetus?

Now it is impossible to imagine a dining table without potatoes and tomatoes. From childhood we were fed delicious vegetable salads, a variety of hot dishes. Why are these plants so popular? What is the name of the fruit of the nightshade plants of potatoes and tomatoes? What do we actually eat?

The history of the emergence of potatoes and tomatoes in Europe

Potatoes come from North America, and tomato comes from the South. Potatoes immediately became popular among the population: there were cases when a huge number of lands were cultivated only for her. But the tomatoes did not immediately appear on the table with the Europeans.

For a very long time, the fruits of tomatoes were considered poisonous. However, people learned that Italians willingly eat tomatoes and even call them one of the most favorite vegetables. Later, the rest of Europe's population became acquainted with them, and after that they began to grow actively in many countries.

Then people still did not know that in fact the fruit of nightshade plants of potato and tomato is called berry.

Botanical description of potatoes

By ignorance, the fruit of nightshade plants of potatoes and tomatoes is called a tuber. However, this is an erroneous statement, because In fact, their fruit is a berry. As for potatoes, its fruits are poisonous and in no way used by humans. What we used to call potatoes, in fact, is a modified underground shoot.

In total, the potato plant has two types of underground shoots - stolons and tubers. First, filamentous stolons leave the stem, the task of which is to get as far as possible in the soil. This is done so that the potato tubers do not interfere with growing each other.

The tuber develops from the main apical bud of the stolon - what we constantly collect and from which we prepare our dishes. On the surface of this modified shoot are several (from 3 to 15) eyes, which are resting buds. Of these, in the future, when planting, develops a young shoot of the plant.

Near each eye can sometimes be seen a small scar - leaf trail, which also proves the runaway origin.

The function of potato tubers is to store nutrients, especially carbohydrates. Almost all space is represented by a special cloth, the cells of which accumulate starch grains inside themselves.

Outside, the tuber is lined with a cork, the layers of which form a peel. It is here that the greatest concentration of mineral substances, proteins and lipids.

Wild forms of potatoes used to accumulate salad in tubers. It is an antibacterial substance that also helps to get rid of insect parasites. Salad is dangerous to human health. Although there are practically no substances in tubers of modern plants, it can sometimes accumulate. If the potatoes lie in the sun, it begins to turn green, and this is accompanied by the formation of a toxin. Therefore, before eating, cut off such a section of the tuber.

Today there is a whole list of potato varieties, each of which differs in the form and color of the tubers. The shape of the potato can be oval, elongated or round, and its color varies from almost white to red and purple.

Properties of potato tubers

Potato has long been considered "second bread" on the man's dining table. This is not surprising, because his tubers contain a whole bunch of essential for our body substances. This is, first of all, carbohydrates, proteins and fats. By the way, in the potato are all the essential amino acids that the body can not synthesize independently.

Eating just 300 g of potatoes, we get a daily rate of carbohydrates, phosphorus and potassium. Not bad, is it?

Potatoes and vitamins are not deprived: there are almost all fat-soluble (A, K, E) and most of the water-soluble vitamins (C, B vitamins).

In potato tubers, the macro-and micro-elements necessary for human life are stored. The first include potassium, calcium, sodium, phosphorus, magnesium. From microelements in the tubers are iron, iodine, manganese, cobalt, copper, fluorine and some others.

The great advantage of potatoes is that practically all the substances in its tubers are contained in easily digestible form. It is necessary to remember only one simple rule: useful substances are deposited farther from the core of the modified shoot. This can be used when cleaning potatoes, cutting the peel as thin as possible. The most useful substances are retained if you cook potatoes with the skin.

Although the fruit of nightshade plants of potato and tomato is called a berry, not every plant has a large amount of nutrients deposited in it. Potatoes in tubers have a variety of vitamins, elements and organics much richer than in its fruits.

Botanical description of tomato

As already noted, the fruit of nightshade plants of potatoes and tomatoes is called berry. No tomato tubers.

It is difficult to imagine that juicy, almost colorless flowers develop juicy, fleshy and beautiful fruits. Varieties of plants are many, so the shape of tomatoes can be varied: round and elongated, oblate and pear-shaped, pepper-shaped and cylindrical. The color palette is also different. Along with the usual red tomatoes, you can find yellow, orange, pink and even black.

Sometimes distinguish between the concepts of "tomato" and "tomato". It's about tomato, when the whole plant is mentioned. The tomato is its fruit, which is used for food. However, there is no clear boundary between the two words, so a gross mistake will not be considered if, for example, the fruit of the plant is named tomato.

Properties of tomatoes

Because The fruit of nightshade plants of potatoes and tomato is called a berry, why can not we call jam ketchup jam? Sometimes truth can be even more confusing. But berries have various properties: they are rich in vitamins, and also used in folk medicine.

Tomatoes perfectly help to cope with low acidity of the stomach, with the help of various organic acids. In addition, the fruit of the plant synthesizes the substance quartzetin, which fights inflammatory processes. For this reason, the chopped tomato should be applied to the wounds and bruises.

Conclusion

The family of nightshade plants of potato and tomato is called the treasure of fields. With the use of these vegetables, you can prepare delicious, and most importantly, nutritious dishes that will please absolutely everyone. Potatoes and tomatoes have many useful properties, so they are so appreciated. And do not forget that the fruit of nightshade plants of potatoes and tomatoes is called a berry, because you need to know what we actually eat.

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