BusinessHuman Resource Management

Find an objective norm: what are the methods of rationing labor

The normalization of labor in production makes it possible to objectively establish the relationship between the volume of labor and its payment. The amount of labor can be expressed in terms of the amount of work performed, the number of equipment serviced, the number of employees, and the time of performance of work. The main methods of labor standardization used in practice are analytical and experimental-statistical. In the analytical method: the normalized process is divided into elements; Then all factors that influence the duration of performance of each element are highlighted (organizational, psychophysiological, technical, social, economic); The optimum composition of the process and the sequence of constituent elements of the process are taken into account, taking into account the best combination of factors that affect their duration.

Experimental-statistical methods of labor standardization (summary methods) mean the definition of norms for the whole amount of work without analyzing the constituent elements of it. An experienced method is used in the case of the definition of norms based on the personal experience of a specialist in standardization, statistical - based on actual costs for similar work earlier. The melting methods for the standardization of labor are not scientific, since the analysis of actual working conditions is not carried out when developing norms.

The choice of this or that method follows, depending on what the results of the rationing will be used for. After all, labor standards are a tool used to achieve the goal, so the cost of it must correspond to the final result. For example, if you want to give a one-time production task, then it's enough to apply the time norm or work out for a similar job. Conversely, in order to develop norms that will be used for a long period of time, and (or) for mass production, it is better to use analytical methods of rationing labor.

They are of two types: analytical-research and analytical-calculation. In the first case, the time spent on all elements and the process as a whole are found by direct measurements at workplaces (timing, work time photography). In the second case, the time is spent using scientifically based standards (local, sectoral, intersectoral). Often, enterprises use a combination of varieties of analytical methods. Less time-consuming of them is calculation and analysis.

Norms are not something permanent, they are subject to revision in the event of carrying out activities of the organizational and technical plan, the development of new types of work by workers (non-standard work becomes standard). Among the organizational and technical measures should be allocated:

- modernization and commissioning of new equipment;

- improvement of products, tools, rigging;

- introduction of advanced technologies;

- Automation and mechanization of processes;

- rationalization;

- improving the organization of labor.

The introduction of new standards should be carried out in compliance with the requirements of the RF TC and systematically.

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