Filling roads. Technology of road construction

Road coatings, performed according to the standards of standard structures, must comply with a wide range of requirements. The coating should be strong, durable and be characterized by optimal insulation of the upper layers. However, it is not at all sites that it makes sense to arrange multi-layered canvases. More affordable and optimal in terms of characteristics is the filling of roads with a special filler. Correctly selected fraction will allow to operate the formed basis for a long time without the need for regular repairs.

Material for backfilling

Basis for the bulk material is usually the loose remains of old road surfaces - for example, particles of concrete, asphalt and even soil. Practice is also the use of sand with rubble, but such options are more expensive. On the totality of performance, it is more appropriate to use asphalt crumb. Such a filling of roads with the addition in the form of a binding bitumen after compaction provides a moisture-proof and strong base. The reliability of the coating is determined by the high density, but on condition that a high-quality plasticizer was used, and special tamping was performed.

The advantages of asphalt filler include resistance to climatic influences. Frost and rainfall are not terrible for such a basis. This, by the way, is the main difference from traditional road components. Thus, the piling of road rubble in practice can be washed out by rain. This applies to sandy bases, which, without the proper bitumen ligament, serve only for short periods. However, there are also shortcomings in asphalt piles. Under the influence of sunlight, it is possible to melt the plasticizer and, as a result, soften the fabric.

Technology of filling the road

It should immediately be noted that the use of several materials in one dump is not allowed, except for special cases provided for by the project. Directly the work is done from the edges of the base to the middle layerwise. At the same time, the entire width of the operated part should be covered, including sloping parts with soil. Secondary and additional dumping is not allowed due to its inefficiency. All subsequent inclusions will be washed away during use. However, in some cases, the laying of roads provides for the possibility of expansion. After the completion of work, the excess soil and filler is removed from the linen. It does not have to be exported - if necessary, it is possible to arrange fillings along the roadsides and congresses.

Packing compaction

This part has a greater influence on the formation of the quality characteristics of the coating than the primary application of asphalt crumb or crushed stone. Before packing, each layer is leveled according to the value of the longitudinal slope. Then you can start rolling the canvas with a special technique across the entire width of the road. In some areas, in confined conditions, a dot seal should be performed. To ensure that the roadway is solid throughout the horizontal, the problem areas are manually rammed by vibro-impact actions. In this case, it is not possible to use the tamping plates in the areas where engineering communications are laid.

In the case of the use of loose fillers for the roadway, it is recommended to perform compaction with latticed or cam rollers. This technique is used in the first stage, it is also possible to use machines on pneumatic tires, in which incomplete ballast loading is 10-15 tons. At the final stage of compaction, the road is pounded with pneumatic tires, the mass of which reaches 25 tons.

Restoring roads by sprinkling

If the device of full-fledged canvas is more often filled with asphalt crumb, then in case of repair of typical road structures it is still recommended to use crushed stone. In the case of major restoration measures, a complete change of layers is made. Filling takes only a separate part in such work when creating a preparatory layer. The road surface is crumbled in several layers. The first is a coarse fraction, after which it is replaced by a fine-grained coating. This is just the case when the backfill can go in combination with asphalt concrete, acting as an auxiliary technological layer. If the area of the deformed section does not exceed 25 m2 on the road, then it is recommended to perform a standard patch repair instead of the backfilling .

In what cases is the backfilling applied?

In a traditional embodiment, the backfill is performed on sites that do not even experience moderate loads from the transport. In particular, the practice of creating such paintings on access roads outside the city. Also with the help of this technology a wide range of reconstruction works is carried out. In itself, the backfill is an essential layer in typical structures, so in areas where high demands are not placed on the upper layer, leave the road surface in the form of compacted asphalt crumbs. With regard to the use of material as a technological component, the crushed stone, for example, can act as an effective drainage layer.

Conclusion

As technology develops, the quality of road surfaces also increases. The use of modern technology, binding additives in solutions and effective styling principles allows the formation of durable road structures. But, high quality is achieved due to the appropriate price, while in some cases the laying of a full-fledged coating does not justify itself. It is in such situations that it is advisable to use a roadbed formed by sprinkling. The main advantage of this technology is its availability, as well as low price. This is a secondary material, which, in essence, is recycled asphalt from old coatings - accordingly, it can be obtained with little or no investment. It remains only to fill and compact the weight of the canvas in accordance with the requirements for a particular site.