Femur: structure, function, damage

The largest femur bone in length is the femur. Features of all tubular bones - is the presence of the body and the two ends.

The location of the head of this bone is based on the tip of the upper proximal, it serves to connect with the pelvic bone. The medial and upward direction is characterized by the surface of the head, called the joint. At its middle is the fossa of the head of the femur, which is the place of attachment of the ligament of the head of the bone. The head and the body are joined by the neck of the bone, forming with it an angle of up to one hundred and thirty degrees.

On the border of the neck and body are two large bony ossicles, which are called skewers. The location of the large trochanter has on its medial surface, which faces the neck, a fossa. He himself is above and laterally. A small spit is located medially and posteriorly, near the lower edge of the cervix. Two of these skewers have an interstitial line connecting them from the rear, called an interstitial crest.

Femur, more precisely, its body, cylindrical shape, which is curved convex part anteriorly, and around the longitudinal axis, it seems to be twisted. The body of the bone has a smooth surface, behind it there is a line that is slightly rough, and it divides into two lips - medial and lateral. The middle of the femur connects these lips closely, and towards the lower and upper directions they begin to diverge. Both lips are directed to the spines of the femur - large and small. The lateral lip is enlarged and becomes much thicker, at the end turning into the gluteal tuberosity, which is the place where the gluteus gluteus is attached . Sometimes this tuberosity looks like a third spit. Lip medial passes into a rough line. Going to the lower end of the femur, the two lips part with each other, forming a popliteal surface in the form of a triangle.

The distal end of the bone is slightly widened, forming two large condylar condyles. These condyles are different in size and degree of curvature of the joint surface.

The medial medialis is larger, the lateral is smaller. Both condyles are located on the same level, and behind them are separated by a fossa, called intercondylar. Above the articular surface of the medial condyle is a medial epicondyle, and also the lateral side of the condyle has a lateral epicondyle, which is much smaller in size than the medial one. In front, both condyle with their articular surfaces pass into each other. In this case, a concave patellar surface is formed, to which the posterior side of the patella is attached.

Since the human femur is the largest bone, it is most susceptible to various deformities. The most serious of them are fractures. When the anatomical integrity of the bone is broken, this is the fracture. The reasons for it may be different: a direct blow to the thigh, a fall on solid objects and much more. If the femur is broken, then this injury is considered severe. There may be a significant loss of blood and pain shock. Naturally, walking becomes impossible, and any loads on the damaged limb are also excluded. The leg that has undergone deformation is shortened. Large vessels of this limb can be damaged by displacement of the fragments, especially in the lower third, when the backward fragment tends to damage the popliteal artery, causing profuse bleeding. Femur bones should be fixed immediately. To do this, the tire is applied, anesthesia is done, and then the victim is taken to the department of traumatology.

The structure of the femur is extremely simple, however, it performs the main function - it keeps the body load and the body in balance, participates in complex motor manipulations, is the basis for articulation of the lower extremities with the pelvis. Such opportunities were given to her by nature itself, therefore, one must take care of one's health.