Eye retinal disease: major diseases and methods of diagnosis

Diseases of the retina (eye fundus) are ranked among the most common human eye diseases that lie in wait for him throughout his life. Most often they appear after 45 years.

It is this age that becomes a turning point when the metabolism that takes place in the human body is rebuilt and takes a course on aging. There is a lack of blood circulation, affecting all organs and tissues, including the retina of the eye.

As a rule, there are no specific complaints that are specific for the disease of the fundus. Reducing vision usually occurs when the eye disease is already sufficiently formed, and the most accessible treatment is able only to stop the loss of vision, but not improve it.

Symptoms that should alert a person and encourage him to visit an ophthalmologist are the following:

• Distortion and / or alignment of letters during reading;
• The appearance of photopsy - these are light flashes and flashing sparks with closed eyes, appearing after physical exertion and / or eye movement;
• Changes in peripheral vision;
• Deterioration of sight in the evening;
• Violation of color perception;
• Falling out of the field of view.

All these specific conditions suggest the presence of pathology from the retina.

The main diseases of the fundus

Diseases affecting the retina of the eye, many. But the most common are the following types:

1. Atrophy (death) of the optic nerve. This eye disease is characterized by the formation of inflammation of the main optic nerve, which causes its regressive pathological changes. A significant decrease in vision, a decrease in the field of vision is seen. When ophthalmoscopic examination, a dim disc of the optic nerve is clearly visible.

2. Pigmentary degeneration of the ocular retina. With this disease, the formation of pigmented bright foci, having the appearance of a star or a cell and located at the equator of the fundus.

This eye disease in the initial stage is characterized by a decrease in twilight vision. In the field of vision blind spots are formed , which look like a ring. Gradually, the narrowing of the visual field up to the tubular type, in which the patient can clearly see objects that are located strictly in the center. As the vision is narrowing, visual acuity deteriorates, and the blood vessels of the fundus are thinning.

3. Central inflammation of the eye retina. This eye disease is accompanied by a pathological change in the retina of the eye, associated with the spasm of the blood vessels passing through it.

At an early stage of the disease, sight obstructions appear that are localized in the center of the field of vision, the objects under consideration are visually reduced, and temporary hyperopia develops. The ocular bottom is prone to spasms of blood vessels and has a gray-red bulge in the region of the yellow spot.

Diagnosis of eye diseases

The modern development of ophthalmology makes it possible to perform all the necessary studies required to establish an accurate diagnosis. Such studies include:

• The establishment of visual acuity (subjective or computerized);
• Measurement of pressure inside the eye;
• Examination of the retina of the eye;
• Keratotopography;
• Examination of the eyeball ;
• General electrophysiological studies;
• Fluorescent digital angiography.

Modern diagnostic tools in ophthalmology help not only to make an accurate diagnosis, but also contribute to the control and effective management of the treatment of the disease.