Examination of ENMG - what is it?

ENMG - what is it? This is the abbreviation for the method of diagnostic investigation of the nervous system of the body - electroneuromyography. Examination of ENMG allows to find out the state of muscles and peripheral nerves. To understand the principle of such a diagnosis, we briefly mention the structure of the departments of the human nervous system.

What processes allows you to track ENMG?

What is this - the human nervous system? These are two huge, interconnected functionally and anatomically, the department - central and peripheral. These are the nerve roots, the plexus and the nerves themselves. The latter are located in all tissues and organs of the body. Nerve pathways normally allow the transfer of various information from the muscles, receptors and analyzers. Some diseases and traumas disrupt the way of following a sensitive impulse - there is a feeling of creeping crawling, numbness of the limb, problems with pain or temperature sensitivity. Some people are impaired seeing or hearing due to damage to the peripheral nerves. In the most severe cases, the destruction of the connection between the motor nerve roots and the muscles leads to paralysis and paresis. The cause of such violations allows you to track ENMG. Electroneuromyography examines the functional state of nerves and muscles using a special apparatus. With its help, artificial stimulation of the peripheral nerve is first performed. And then the electroneuromyograph registers the response of the muscle. When studying the state of the cerebral cortex, they act on the contrary: they stimulate the auditory, visual and other zones with stimuli, and record the CNS response.

ENMG - what is it and what does it look like?

Stimulation electromyography is called the study of the speed of conduct (in foreign literature - NCS). During its carrying out also carry out research of H-reflex and F-wave. The diagnostic value of this procedure is high in neurotrauma, neuropathies and radiculopathies. A variety of ENMG can be called the study of facial nerves and blinking reflex. When a person is injured, it is very important to carry out the diagnosis as early as possible - in the first two days. This will determine the prognosis of the disease, adjust the treatment. Repeatedly in 10 days it is carried out, if the paralysis of the muscles of the face has developed . An investigation of neuromuscular transmission may be necessary with myasthenic syndrome. This is a technique for studying the muscle potentials of fibers that are stimulated by pulses of different frequencies. Stimulation myography is impossible when there are electronic implants in the patient's body (for example, for correction of the heart rhythm).

Needled ENMG

This type of research is invasive. A thin needle electrode is immersed in the muscle to study denervation changes at the earliest stages. Muscle fibers are examined at rest and with functional tests. For the use of needle ENMG as a diagnostic method, certain indications are required: a suspicion of neuronal damage. The neurologist with the help of him will be able to assess the features of the ongoing neural process. Also high informative value of this method is noted in the study of myotonia. The structure of the motor unit (consisting of three levels - axonal, neuronal and muscular) changes as a result of pathological processes. A complex analysis of the electrical activity of muscle fibers will determine not only the type, but also the stage of compensatory changes. Allows you to diagnose the level at which the defeat occurred.

Surface (global) ENMG

The method is non-invasive. The potentials of the muscles are removed from the skin surface without disturbing its integrity - this is associated with better tolerability of this type of ENMG. What is it and what are its features? You can explore a much larger number of muscles. The method is recommended for suspected amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in the event that the needle ENMG is not possible. This can be associated, for example, with a low pain threshold, childhood age, increased bleeding, transmissible infectious diseases. We listed various diagnostic methods that have their contraindications and can be produced on various nerves and muscles of the head and extremities. Prior to the study, the doctor will determine the goals and objectives of the study and designate the appropriate method. ENMG helps to make differential and topical diagnostics in myotonic syndromes, synaptic lesions, neuropathies of various nature (including toxic, inflammatory and metabolic), syringomyelia, polyradiculoneuritis. The study in dynamics will allow to evaluate the effect of the prescribed therapy and to predict the further course of the pathological process.