HealthDiseases and Conditions

Dilation of the left atrium

The most common reason for dilatation of the left atrium is systolic dysfunction. This process is expressed in reducing the ability of the left ventricle to inject blood from its cavity into the aorta. As a result, dilatation of the left atrium causes an increase in the final systolic volume of the left ventricle. In the event that such a compensatory reaction becomes untenable, secondary venous pulmonary hypertension may occur. Atrial dilation combined with pulmonary arterial hypertension increases the right ventricular load, the impact volume of which decreases. An increase in the diastolic pressure of the right atrium and ventricle causes venous hyperemia.

Dilation of the heart is an increase in the total volume of the organ. Stretched myocardium is thinner, but if hypertrophy occurs, these two processes compensate each other. The papillary muscles of the cavity also stretch, the trabecular muscles are considerably flattened. Dilation of the left atrium causes enlargement of the atrioventricular orifice, which in some cases leads to functional failure. The left ventricle, due to stretching, begins to invade the cavity of the right ventricle, as a result of which its volume decreases.

Dilation of the left atrium with compensatory processes plays the same role as adaptations in a healthy heart. If the diseased heart is not strong enough to surpass the desired amount of blood, then by increasing the length of the fibers it becomes able to perform this work. However, this reduces the strength of the myocardium due to increased workload and a large need for oxygen. Persons with dilatation should observe a sparing regimen, since any even the most insignificant work is performed at the expense of the spare cardiac forces. Dilation is a fairly common syndrome and the cause of heart failure. The disease can be of an infectious and toxic nature. The most common cause of dilatation is alcohol damage to the heart. The cause is also autoimmune and neuromuscular diseases, as well as mitochondrial, endocrine and metabolic disorders in the patient's body.

As a rule, dilation develops at a young age, more often in men. Clinical manifestations are expressed as total heart failure, cardialgia, heart rhythm disorders, angina pectoris, thromboembolism. Clinic disease is not specific. The patient may suddenly die due to progression of heart failure or due to rhythm disturbances. When the disease is often detected systolic murmur in respect of tricuspid and mitral insufficiency. There is also edematic syndrome and cervical vein swelling.

The main diagnostic method is echocardiography and scintigraphy. Get useful information can also be using load tests and differential diagnostics.

In the treatment of dilation, the same therapy as in heart failure is used, since etiotropic therapy is possible only with a known etiology. Recommended restriction of fluid intake, adequate
Exercise, diuresis. Categorically forbidden reception even
Small doses of alcohol. With the development of cardiac cachexia, nutritional, that is, nutritional support, is of great importance. For drug treatment, beta-blockers are mainly used. The use of thiazide and loop diuretics is shown, and control of diuresis is mandatory. In combination with diuretics, aldosterone antagonists are used.

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