Deviant behavior: examples. Deviant behavior of adolescents: causes, forms, prevention

In the modern world, the problem of deviant behavior is particularly acute. Economic inequality, massive globalization, free access to information, the development of democracy, as well as social phenomena often cause negative reactions in the teenage environment. Young people rebel against injustice, established or imposed moral principles. Often this protest develops into especially dangerous forms, which harm not only the young "revolutionary", but the entire society.

Deviations from the norms of behavior

The boundaries of what was permitted were long outlined by mankind in the course of its development. Deviant behavior, examples of which can be observed in all strata of society, is a deviation from the generally accepted norms, customs, customs and traditions. It is non-standard, does not justify the expectations of the surrounding world or a group of people. It is clear that there is no absolutely ideal society: often its members make exceptions to the rules, bypass the canons, do not fulfill the tasks set. But this reaction does not have an aggressive or destructive color, rather, it is filled with elements of cunning, laziness, greed and other traits of the character of the individual. Such a person, if harming himself and other people, is insignificant, easily correctable.

It is quite another thing - deviant behavior. Examples from life indicate that it has the most negative impact not only on the mental and physical development of man, but also on its socialization. And what is most sad, from him can suffer other personalities. Deviant behavior has its own direction:

• Selfish goals. Actions, the purpose of which is to get material benefits: theft, robbery, speculation, theft, fraud.
• Aggressive manifestations. These are the actions directed against the individual: sexual, physical and moral violence.
• Socially-passive orientation. Avoiding a full life in society, lack of interest in the events: vagrancy, drunkenness, suicide.

Behavioral abnormalities can be classified according to a number of factors: depending on the form of the violation (etiquette, morality, law); Motivation (mercenary, aggressive, pessimistic); Executor (individual, group of people, organization).

Varieties of deviant behavior

The damage can be conditionally divided into two large groups of violations. Each of them is fundamentally different, because at the core there are diametrically opposed motivations:

1. Mental disorder, that is, the presence of an adolescent congenital or acquired pathology. The problem of deviant behavior is most often observed in people suffering from schizophrenia, asthenia, imbecile, oligophrenia and other disorders of consciousness. This group also includes individuals with an accentuated character, when some deviations in behavior are still within the norm, but almost border on pathology. Such individuals can also be given a certain diagnosis, but often they do not go through the necessary treatment, because they can live a full life without finding the features in their psyche.

2. Anti-social behavior. People who are prone to negative actions are mentally completely healthy. The rebellion they commit has many different reasons: from "simply nothing to do" and to trying to turn all the foundations of society upside down because of the injustice of the distribution of material wealth in it. If the offenses committed by these people do not do much harm to the world around them, correction of deviant behavior takes place through punishment in accordance with the norms of labor or administrative law. Police often assign correctional labor to violators or charge a fine; At the enterprise, in the institution or office, such individuals are threatened with reprimand, disciplinary punishment or dismissal. If the crime is qualified as a criminal offense, more severe penalties are imposed on the offender, for example, arrest or imprisonment on a particular line.

Whatever the starting points of deviant behavior, in any case, it must be stopped, and to the person who committed the offense, to apply preventive, curative or punitive measures.

Accentuation

It should be discussed in detail, since this feature is most often observed in juveniles in the transition years. Accentuation, as already mentioned, is a minor deviation from the norm of behavior. In this case, the adolescents clearly expressed one character trait, most often negative, which becomes problematic in communicating with others. For example, he can openly harass the teachers and parents, refuse to do homework, ignore the requests of adults for help, and so on. There can be several reasons for this: a complex school program, the difficulties of a transitional age, the influence of puberty. If we add personal troubles or stresses to them because of problems in the family, then we get the most real deviant, ready to take revenge on everyone.

It happens that a child's protest is not passive but passive. This behavioral reaction is called depression, and her minors are carefully concealed from adults. It can develop due to imaginary physical defects that children attribute to themselves at puberty. Also, a so-called locus of control may arise in a teenager when he unjustifiably assumes responsibility for important or tragic events. This is also deviant behavior. Examples of names can be the following: a sense of guilt after the loss of a loved one, the death of a pet or a serious illness of a best friend.

Causes of deviant behavior

In part, we have already named them. Sociologists distinguish three main sources, due to which the public behavior of a teenager goes beyond the bounds of decency:

1. Social inequality. With this phenomenon, the child is still in primary school: classmates dress better than he, they have more pocket money and so on. The minor feels like a beggar, strangled. He can not fully demonstrate his capabilities and talents because of the lack of material wealth. Even self-actualization is sometimes difficult, when there is no money at the disposal with which you can buy books, atlases, encyclopedias. The teenager is angry at the whole world, but first of all - at the parents. Even if they try their best, the deviant does not understand that not always the person's desires coincide with his capabilities.
2. Moral and ethical factor. It is expressed in the low spiritual development of society, apathy towards science and art. The child observes the fall of morals among people: many of them, for example, consider an ordinary event to be trafficking in body and labor, mass alcoholism and prostitution.
3. Environment, society. Representatives of the latter not only ignore deviants, but often even favorably treat them. Nowadays, they are pitied, blaming the whole upbringing and living in dysfunctional families, and forget that the personality is formed first of all not by the parents, but by the person himself. There are many individuals who grew up in an unfavorable environment, but managed to educate the inner willpower and firmness of the spirit, therefore reached certain heights in life and became normal members of society.

Characteristic deviant behavior is marked by a complete lack of teenagers of strong qualities or their stay in a "dormant" state. Instead of self-education, they choose an easier, but dangerous road that gives them a deceptive forgetfulness in the form of alcoholic or narcotic intoxication or imaginary self-assertion, manifested in the form of violence.

Typology

Types of behavior that goes against the normal way of life, singled out and American sociologist Robert King Merton, known for his research problems. His typology is based on the concepts of deviation as a gap between respected moral values and methods of achieving them:

1. Innovation. People accept the goals of society, understand them, but deny the normal ways to achieve (prostitutes, creators of financial pyramids, blackmailers, great scientists).
2. Ritualism. The goals of society are ignored, and the way to achieve them is absurd. As an example, you can bring a bureaucrat, which requires the detailed filling of hundreds of forms of documents. At the same time, he forgets the main thing: why the papers were signed.
3. Retreatism is a flight from reality. The individual refuses the goals and from all the ways to achieve them (drug addict, homeless person).
4. Revolt. Denial of moral principles, the desire to remake them, replaced by more advanced and progressive (revolutionary).

Types of behavior according to Merton show us that not always the deviation is negative. After all, in the actions of a revolutionary there is nothing wrong, he simply tries to create better conditions for life. As for the great scientist, he is considered, on the contrary, a respected and esteemed person with small oddities or eccentricities.

Alcoholism and drug addiction

These two forms of deviant behavior among adolescents are more common than others. Alcoholism - excessive consumption of alcohol by minors, which threatens their physical and mental health, causes pathological addiction, dependence. There are many reasons: genetic predisposition, congenital syndrome, individual personality traits, unfavorable surroundings, curiosity. Deviant behavior, examples of which are shown by schoolchildren who drink alcohol, is a consequence of a low level of development, lack of demand in the team, insecurity. To catch a child from a dangerous company and promptly save him from the negative influence of alcohol, it is necessary to find the victim an exciting lesson, as well as normal friends who will show an example of self-assertion through other means. The society also came up with legal measures to prevent the soldering of minors: a ban on the sale of alcoholic persons under the age of 18, a fine for parents for the appearance of their son or daughter in a state of intoxication. In addition, accustoming children to alcohol is considered a crime, which is punishable by articles of administrative and criminal law.

Addiction is another deviation from the norm. It implies the systematic use of substances that intoxicate the mind, causing profound and irreversible violations of mental and physical functions. The teenager becomes dependent on tablets, injections and powders due to neglect on the part of the community. Often with the help of drugs, minors express themselves or quench their curiosity. Addiction to them often encourages a teenager to take the criminal path in order to illegally obtain money for the purchase of a potion. Children caught in such bondage should be treated in special institutions. It is often impossible to refuse yourself from drugs.

Prostitution and homosexuality

Deviant behavior, examples of which are shown by girls who provide sexual services for remuneration or without it, is also not a rare phenomenon. The main reason is the desire to earn money, improve your financial situation on your own, if the parents are not able to provide all the moods dictated by fashion and media propaganda "beautiful life". If we add to this the low level of the adolescent's culture and his social debauchery, the unhappiness in the family and the indifference of adults, the path to the panel becomes a kind of salvation for the child, an opportunity to escape from the difficulties and vicissitudes of fate. To reduce the level of prostitution among minors to a minimum, it is recommended to develop special programs for sex education, equalize social inequality, and increase the culture of the population.

As for homosexuality, in most cases it is an innate predisposition. Having discovered that he is not like everyone else, a teenager falls into depression, begins to take in large quantities drugs and alcoholic beverages, suffers from neuroses and mental disorders. Such a minor needs expert assistance from a specialist. If, however, he was involved in homosexuality through deception or coercion, then the guilty persons face imprisonment. By the way, sexual perversion is also deviant behavior. Examples from life show that adolescents are beginning to be interested in sadomasochism, group intimacy and other unnatural things.

Suicide and delinquency

The intention to deprive yourself of life or to try to intimidate others in this way is also a feature of deviant behavior. The most dangerous age for young people is 16-19 years old: at this time, disappointment usually comes due to a failed first love, inability to find a job or to continue education. Social status, conflict with society and stress are also powerful thrusts to suicide. For people with suicidal tendencies, organize psychological counseling and helplines. Important and preventive work: the upbringing of the child by a cheerful optimist, demonstration by own example, that life is beautiful, and the black stripes, which are found practically by everyone, bring in it only a variety and a tart zest.

Offenses - a form of antisocial behavior, which is directed against citizens, society, life style. Motivation in adolescents is different: beginning with ordinary mischief and ending with unmotivated aggression. To protect the growing generation from the influence of the criminal world, it is necessary to conduct lessons in the schools in the relevant topics. Parents, for their part, are obliged to explain that it is unacceptable to infringe the law - to do harm or hurt others - and deviant behavior is punishable in any case.

Help

How can we pull out adolescents from that asocial abyss in which they are mired? Sociologists say: first, a special state program will help. Deviant behavior of children must be taken under control, this is the task of specialists. Also, favorable conditions should be created for the opening of rehabilitation centers of different directions, in which experienced specialists could save young people from harmful addictions, direct their energy to a productive and useful channel for society.

Secondly, hot lines working in each city, national telephone hotlines and regional family consultations of psychologists will be invaluable.

Thirdly, the study of the adaptation environment of adolescents should not stop for a day. Deviant behavior of schoolchildren requires constant adjustment, which is obliged to take place in full interaction with the juvenile affairs inspectorate, doctors, policemen, representatives of guardianship authorities. If necessary, these children must be removed from the family if the reason for the deviation is precisely the influence of the parents.

Prevention of deviant behavior

For this purpose, the following measures were developed by the specialists:

1. Conducting educational and development programs, courses in schools. Lectures are aimed at educating adolescents and fostering in them a sustainable aversion to drugs, alcohol, etc.

2. Propaganda of sport and healthy lifestyle. Prohibition of advertising of tobacco products and spirits.

3. Organization of interesting and cognitive leisure of young people. Working with children of deviant behavior requires the development of a scenario of pastime that would correspond to modern trends and fashion trends.

4. Care for the material security of children.

Prevention of deviant behavior should cover all segments of the population, regardless of their social status, religion, educational level and other factors. The main task is to establish a trusting relationship between a teenager and his parents. Only then can you be sure that in the event of a problem, the student will ask for help from the mother or father, and not to the dubious company of friends.

Friendly relationships in the family - a pledge that you will never run into the deviant behavior of your son or daughter. Care to ensure that in the future there are no problems, you need from the smallest years. Pay attention to your child: give him love and tenderness, do not swear in his presence, talk with the baby on different topics, share your feelings and emotions, listen to the heir and listen to his opinion. Become a faithful, faithful and reliable companion for the child.