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Country: USA. USA. History of America

The US country is considered a superpower with the most powerful economy in the world. The area of the States is 9,629,091 square meters. Km, by the population number the state is on the third place (310 million). The country stretches from Canada to Mexico, occupying a fairly large part of the North American continent. The United States also has Alaska, Hawaii and a number of island territories under its jurisdiction. The relief of America is quite diverse: the Appalachian Mountains and the Cordilleras are replaced by endless deserts and valleys, jungles, forests, coasts of the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean and picturesque islands.


History of America

Before the colonization in the territory of modern states, Indians and Eskimos lived. Various nomadic tribes lived on the prairies. According to approximate estimates, in the XVI century in America lived about 11 million Indians. After the discovery of the continent by Columbus (1492), its mass settlement by Europeans began. In particular, the French, the Spanish, the English, the Swedes and the Dutch came to these uninhabited lands. In the 18th century, the Russians began to develop Alaska. At first the most populous flow of settlers was sent to North America from England.

A characteristic feature of the development of the North American colonies was slavery. At first there was a so-called layer of "white slaves" who became slaves mainly because of non-payment of debts or as a result of concluding bonded agreements. Gradually they were replaced by "black slaves", which in the early 17th century were transported to Virginia from Africa. Negroes worked, as a rule, on plantations in the southern colonies.

At the end of the 17th century, 13 British colonies were established on the east coast. In 1775, the war for the independence of the United States began with England. June 4, 1776 was proclaimed the Declaration of Independence of the United States. England recognized the new state in 1787. At the same time, the US Constitution was adopted. In 1803, the United States bought Louisiana from France, and in 1819 the Spaniards lost to America, Florida. In 1845, the Americans annexed Texas. From 1846 to 1848, the US fought against Mexico, which resulted in the annexation of a large part of the Mexican territory: New Mexico, part of California and Arizona. In 1846 the American authorities bought from the British the Pacific region. In 1870, California became part of the country. In short, America's history has many bloody spots.

As a result of the civil war of 1861-1865. Slavery was abolished in the States. In 1867, Alaska crossed to America. In 1898, the Spanish-American war was going on, and after the defeat of the Spaniards under the jurisdiction of the United States went the Hawaiian Islands, the island of Guam and Puerto Rico. This, in principle, ended the creation of the United States of America.

The vast territories that the Americans seized were inhabited by tribes of the Indians. Since the Redskins could not resist the regular army, they were massacred or driven into reservations. Tasty piece for the States were foreign lands. They tried to capture Cuba, which at that time belonged to Spain. Unsuccessful attempt was made to subdue Nicaragua and many other countries of Central America.

First and Second World War

The US country declared neutrality after the outbreak of the First World War. American monopolists actively helped with loans and supplies of England. However, already in 1917, America entered the war on the side of the Entente. In the period of the First World USA, they significantly strengthened economic control over Latin America. They made military intervention in Mexico (1914, 1916), Dominican Republic (1916), Haiti (1915), Cuba (1912, 1917). Under pressure from the Americans, Denmark was forced to sell the Virgin Islands to them.

After the outbreak of World War II, fearing the regime of Nazi Germany, the States actively assisted England and France. Later, President Roosevelt declared his readiness to help the USSR. During the war, an anti-Hitler coalition was formed consisting of Britain, the United States and the Soviet Union. On December 7, 1941, Japan suddenly attacked Pearl Harbor (Hawaii), the Philippines and other islands. In response, the US military conducted an atomic bombing of the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. After the capitulation of Japan, its territory was occupied by the US Army. The damage suffered by the Americans in World War II, a small (332 killed). The United States became the only country that strengthened its political, economic and military positions after the war.

History of the United States after 1949

In 1949, at the suggestion of the United States, European countries created a military alliance for NATO. In 1954, an organization called SEATO was established in the south-eastern region of Asia.

To prevent the spread of communism, in 1950-1953. America participated in the war with Korea. In 1965-1973 the Vietnamese-American war was conducted. In 1952, the representative of the Republican Party Dwight Eisenhower came to power, who continued the policy of rather strained relations with the USSR. After him, John Kennedy was elected president . It was during his rule that the so-called Cuban crisis arose that was associated with the intention of the US authorities to overthrow Fidel Castro. Kennedy was shot in 1963 in Dallas. The investigation commission has not yet voiced the true information about the customers of this crime.

In the late 60's, massive claims about violations of the rights of black people began. In 1968, they killed the pastor Martin Luther King.

In the 1970s, the United States of America invaded Cambodia and Laos. In 1970, the American authorities actively supported Israel in the war against the Arabs. In 1972, the long Vietnam War ended, and a year later the Paris Peace Agreement was signed.

With the coming to power of President Nixon, relations between America and the USSR improved, and relations with China were established. In 1972, the US president visited these two communist countries. True, thanks to the Watergate case, Nixon had to resign.

Significant changes in the domestic policy of the country was made by President Ronald Reagan (1981-1989). He significantly reduced taxes and took measures to reduce unemployment.

In 1989, George W. Bush was elected president. He noted that he had conducted a military operation against the Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein, created the NAFTA (Free Trade Agreement) and signed the START START Pact with the Soviet Union.

The next head of state - Bill Clinton - was more involved in domestic politics. The period of his presidency was marked by economic growth: more than 20 million jobs were created, national income increased to 15%, and budget surpluses increased to 1,300 billion.

A tragic day for the United States was September 11, 2001. According to the official version, suicide pilots from the Al Qaida terrorist group, who captured passenger planes, rammed 2 towers of the World Trade Center and the Pentagon building. The third aircraft, most likely, was heading to the White House, but crashed in Pennsylvania.

Climate

The great length and area of the country determines the presence of almost all types of climatic conditions. The land that is located north of 40 degrees with. Are distinguished by a temperate climate. And all the territories located beyond this latitude are under the influence of a subtropical climate. Hawaii and the southern part of Florida is located in the tropics, and the Arctic mass is affected by the Alaska Peninsula. In the west of the Great Plains are semi-deserts. In the coastal regions of California, the Mediterranean climate dominates.

Population

In terms of population, the United States occupies the third place in the world. About 309 million people live here. Due to political, cultural, and historical reasons, the United States is one of the most multinational states on the planet. The racial composition of the country includes representatives of the Mongoloid, Caucasoid, Negroid races. Here also live the indigenous peoples of this territory: Indians, Hawaiians, Aleuts and Eskimos.

Representatives of the most diverse religions perfectly coexist in the USA: Catholics, Buddhists, Protestants, Jews, Christians. Muslims, Mormons, etc. Atheists consider themselves no more than 4% of the population.

The official language is English, though, in reality, Americans speak more than 300 languages and dialects. Each state has its own adverbs, vivid cultural traditions and a unique way of life.

Political system

The country of the United States is a federal republic. It includes 50 states and the District of Columbia. The main legislative structure is the US Congress (bicameral parliament). The judiciary is administered by the Supreme Court. The executive power is concentrated in the hands of the president. Now the presidential chair is occupied by Barack Obama.

Economy

In 1894 the state took the first place in industrial production. Today, the US country is the leading power in terms of gross product. The main activities are industry and agriculture. The state is rich in natural resources such as oil, lead, coal, gas, uranium, rock ore, sulfur, phosporites, etc. It can be said with certainty that almost all major types of minerals are mined here. The states are the leading producer of ferrous metals. Chemical, oil refining and nuclear industry are rather well developed. Sewing, tobacco, textile, leather-shoe and food production are set up here. Strategically important areas are the production of civil and military aircraft, space technology, etc. The first place in the world for the production of cars, too, is occupied by the United States. The peculiarities of the country lie in the fact that, along with the industry, agriculture is also actively developing. The United States is the world leader in the supply of milk, eggs and meat. A significant place is occupied by rabbit breeding, fishing, poultry farming.

sights

The area of the US country is simply huge, therefore the list of all anthropogenic and natural attractions will be endless. Mountain ridges, waterfalls, canyons, national parks, picturesque coasts of the Pacific and Atlantic oceans, elite resorts, museums, lakes, bridges, amusement parks, zoos, casinos, skyscrapers, palaces - all this certainly deserves the attention of tourists and locals.

More often than not, tours to the USA include trips to America's largest cities: Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, Boston, Baltimore, etc. Most of all travelers are interested in the Statue of Liberty, Times Square, Las Vegas casino, Niagara Falls, Canyon (Arizona), California's "Disneyland".

The country has more reserves and national parks. The most popular of them is the Yellowstone Reserve.

Way of life

A developed economy, a high standard of living, a reliable program of social guarantees - all this is a characteristic of the US country. Favorable conditions attract thousands of people from all over the world to America. The United States is a country of great opportunities for every citizen. The highest value here is the well-being of an individual and a family, and by multiplying their own property, every resident makes his country even stronger and richer.

A working American a priori can not be poor, whether he is a simple driver or a director of the concern. According to average statistics, the income of one family in the United States is about 49 thousand dollars. Laws make it possible to realize their ambitions even to emigrants. And if a migrant in the first generation can not run for president, then he can be appointed governor of the state. In other spheres immigrants can work without restrictions.

It is worth noting that the unemployed here are also living well. If a person is not able (or does not want to) work, then he can comfortably live on a decent state allowance, but still use medical care. If there is a desire, then he can retrain for free and receive in addition a number of subsidies. Secondary and higher education can be obtained free of charge. The United States is a developed country that can take care of the prosperous fate of all its citizens.

A fairly popular way to move to the States for permanent residence is to participate in the Green Card Lottery. Every year, thanks to the drawings, American visas are received by about 50 thousand people from any part of the world (whether it be Latin America, India or China). The task of the lottery is to maintain a balance between different ethnic groups in the total composition of the country's population. In this regard, if too many emigrants arrived from a certain state over the past 5 years, these powers can be excluded from participation in the lottery for a certain time. For example, in 2009 such a fate befell Russia. However, even if you become the winner of the lottery, you will not be able to obtain the citizenship of the USA immediately - it is possible only after five years of permanent residence in the territory of the given state.

Immigration policy

The US authorities are interested in attracting the best specialists of a wide variety of professions. Visas with the right to work each year give out about 675 thousand foreigners. Everyone can get such a visa if in this period the state is interested in his professional skills and knowledge. Like many other major countries in the world, the USA now feels a shortage of specialists in the field of chemistry, IT-technologies, doctors, pharmacologists, architects, programmers, builders, farmers, managers and representatives of other professions. Foreigners are also allowed to come to study in American universities.

Foreigners who engage in business have a chance to obtain a business visa. To do this, it is enough to open a representative office of your company in the USA, working in Russia or another country. And you can buy ready-made business in America and lead it.

Rich emigrants can get the status of a resident of the States on condition that they invest at least $ 1 million in the economy of the country. In some cases, if a person has acquired an elite property in the US, he can obtain a residence permit.

Important information

Telephone numbers throughout the country are seven-digit. The country code is +1. To enter into international relations with the United States, you need to dial 011, the country code, the city code, and then only the number. Canada +1 and Canada are also in the +1 country code.

The country's currency is the US dollar.

Shops in America, as a rule, work from Monday to Saturday from 9.30 to 18.00. On Sunday, however, retail outlets are waiting for buyers from 12.00 to 17.00. In almost all states, purchases are taxed (from 5 to 12% of the value of the purchased goods). Large shopping centers are usually open to visitors from 09.00 to 21.00.

The countries-allies of the USA

At present, America occupies an important place in the international political arena. Nevertheless, the country's leadership rarely calls itself isolated, most often in the presidential statements the phrase sounds: "We and our allies." US colleagues are often talking about in many official documents. But who is the partner of the state we are considering?

Countries supporting the United States are primarily allies in the NATO military bloc. With the assistance of the North Atlantic Alliance, many large-scale military operations are being carried out. Each participating country makes its contribution in the form of attracting a contingent of troops. For example, after the September 11 terrorist attack, the United States initiated a military operation in Afghanistan. It was attended by 4,400 German troops. Such help from Germany can be regarded as an act of a true ally.

Meanwhile, the scandal of 2013 over the tapping of telephone conversations by Angels Merkel by US intelligence agencies slightly spoiled the friendly relations between these two powerful powers.

Active cooperation is also carried out between the United States and such English-speaking countries as England, New Zealand, Canada and Australia.

USA and Latin America

After the crisis of 2007, the US domination on the American continent was, to put it mildly, shaken. During the 20th century, Latin America wavered between respect and hatred of the States. Now many countries of Central and South America support economic and diplomatic relations with the United States, except for Cuba and Venezuela, rather well-dressed relations.

Results

Description of the US can continue very long. This superpower is striking in its history, nature, architecture, climate, lifestyle and general atmosphere. It's no secret that each state will differ in its different ways from the United States. Some openly hate America, others simply tacitly fear, while others sincerely admire this country. In any case, no matter how you treat Americans, you should admit that their history of rapid development is really worthy of praise.

In the United States, thousands of ethnic groups and representatives of various religions coexist, but there are almost no conflicts between them. Natural wealth, favorable climatic conditions, state programs and, of course, the work of ordinary people helped transform the impregnable and undeveloped locality occupied by the tribes of the Indians into one of the most developed states on the planet. If you have the opportunity, be sure to visit the United States of America - this trip will be remembered for the rest of your life!

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