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Children are considered young to what age? A young child: the definition of a concept

In modern legislation there are many concepts. Among them - "a young child", as well as "minor". These terms are similar in meaning, but they differ. Up to what age a young child has a similar status? Under Russian law - up to 14 years, and from 14 to 18 years - minors. It turns out that from 6 to 14 years old - young.

These categories of citizens have rights and obligations that are protected by law. They can use medical services, receive education, develop, relax. Until 18 years, the responsibility for their actions rests with the parents. Only after a full birthday the citizen himself is responsible for his actions, and also provides the rights.

Who is called a child?

The term "child" exists in legislation. They are considered to be a person under 18 years old. It turns out that a person from the time of birth until this period will be a child. He is endowed with rights and duties, depending on his status. But in some cases a citizen is not recognized as a child under the age of 18.

Under the emancipation included in the Civil Code, a person of 16 years is considered capable if he is employed under an employment contract with the consent of his parents. Also an exception is the marriage of up to 18 years. The legal capacity of minors is fixed in art. 28 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.

Categories of children

Minors and minors are children under 18 years of age. These categories of citizens have their rights. The term "young" assumes an age from birth to 14 years. His rights and duties are included in various legislative documents. A minor from 14 to 18 years is considered a minor.

These categories of persons may differ in their rights and duties. Until the age of 14, the child is declared incompetent, and therefore parents are responsible for him. After this age appears partial capacity, so you can enter into small transactions, and from 18 comes absolute capacity.

Basic rights

The Family Code of the Russian Federation includes all the rights of young children, which must be observed. The main thing is the necessity of life for all children in the family. The child has rights for parenting, protection of interests, development, respect. If there are no mums and dads, the legal representative of a young child fulfills their function. It can be a guardian, a body of guardianship.

There is a child's right to communicate with parents. No one can forbid him to see his relatives. This also applies to cases of divorce of parents. The child is protected from abuse of relatives.

The right to a name, a patronymic, a surname is important. Change these data to 14 years can only with the consent of the parents. If the minor is 10 years old, then such information is changed only with his consent. He can express his opinion on the issue that concerns him, so he is invited to be heard at the trial.

When there is a violation of the interests of the child, he can apply to the guardianship authority, and from the age of 14 - to the court. This also applies to cases of non-fulfillment of duties by parents, abuse of their rights, improper performance of education. The juvenile has the right to protection from information that is harmful to health, moral development.

There are separate rights regarding child labor. Up to 14 years can not work, and after reaching this age only partially, but if desired and with the consent of the parents. At the same time work is forbidden on weekends, at night. Work should be on forces.

Property Interests

To what age does the young child have the right to be provided by the parents? Mother and father must provide it financially to 18 years. When a divorce is paid, alimony, and after the death of at least one of the parents - a pension. There are also benefits, while any income is spent on all the needs for the child needs.

The court, on the basis of the claim of the parent who pays alimony, can decide on the transfer of funds not more than half the amount of alimony to the child's accounts. He can receive income, property as a gift or inherited. The child does not have ownership of the property of the parents, as he uses it by agreement.

Education

This is ensured by the Constitution, as well as federal documents. The right to education is one of the main, therefore children are accepted in educational and educational institutions. It is important to observe all interests:

  • Education based on accepted standards;
  • Fast training course;
  • Free use of libraries and other information sources;
  • Obtaining additional education;
  • Participation in the management of the educational institution;
  • Obtaining a basic general education in their own language;
  • Transfer to another institution with the consent of the parents;
  • Leaving the institution with the consent of the parents;
  • Continuation of training;
  • Choice of form of education.

To what age should a young child receive an education? There is no specific time period, but the basic minimum is the basic general education. The rest happens at will. The legal status of children allows you to get a full secondary education for free. A fee is charged for raising a child in a pre-school institution. Secondary vocational and higher education can be paid and free.

Medical services

In the field of health, the following benefits are provided to minors:

  • Treatment in the dispensary;
  • Medical and social assistance;
  • Sanitary and hygienic education;
  • Obtaining information about health.

To what age does a young child receive medical care with the consent of the parents? This occurs before the age of 14. And from 15 to 18 years, children can consent to meddling in the health of doctors, as well as refuse it.

Recreation and rehabilitation

The child can rest in summer health institutions. Parents buy a ticket themselves, and then apply for a refund of the amount spent. Each subject has its own interest payment. The state grants subsidies to:

  • Vouchers for recovery;
  • Feeding of children in the camps;
  • Transportation.

Parents should apply with appropriate application to local authorities to compensate for such expenses. In many cases, you can return at least part of the funds.

Finding at night

There is a ban on children staying at night in public places:

  • on the streets;
  • In the stadiums;
  • in parks;
  • In the public gardens;
  • In public transport.

They are also prohibited from appearing in public catering and trade. They can only appear there with their parents or other senior persons. Night time for children starts from 22 hours and ends at 6 o'clock in the morning. In each subject, the residence time may differ depending on the season and the danger of the region.

Ability of minors

About the capacity of minors said in Art. 28 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. This term presupposes independent actions in concluding transactions. If there are not 14 years, then such cases are committed with adults. From 6 to 14 years, children have the right to perform the following actions:

  • Small transactions;
  • Actions for gratuitous gain of benefit;
  • The disposal of money with the consent of the parents.

Ability from 14 to 18 years

Children of 14-18 years already have some kind of civil independence. They can dispose of personal income: salary, scholarship, and this does not need the consent of the parents. The same applies to the opening of bank accounts and deposits, the implementation of copyright, the commission of small transactions.

But still the capacity is not complete. They can not marry without the consent of their parents, as well as make major transactions, for example, purchase of real estate. They are responsible for this themselves. Until the age of 18, a child can not participate in elections, or manage a transport or hold a position. Similar rules are fixed in the legislation.

Payments for minors

A family with minors has the right to enjoy benefits from the state. This is required to materially improve the life of the family. Among the benefits include:

  • Tax deduction: there are payments of 1400 rubles for each child;
  • Single parents: receive large payments;
  • Disabled child: payments for treatment and maintenance are made;
  • Employment of women: for mothers raising children from 3 to 14 years, overtime work, business trips are prohibited;
  • Families with many children: if there are more than 3 children in the family, then a reduction in the amount of the kvarpay for 30%, free transportation by public transport, bank benefits,

Social benefits are necessary to support the family, improve material comfort.

Accommodation of a minor

Children must live with their parents, guardians, adoptive parents. If there are none, they are in a special children's institution. The child can live separately from the guardians when the treatment takes place. After 14 years you can choose your own place of residence, but with the permission of the parents.

If you live separately, it is important for parents to agree on the place of residence of minors. When this is not done in a peaceful way, it is decided by the judicial authorities. According to Art. 65 of the Family Code, take into account the views of children. The court necessarily takes into account the interests of the minor, considering the following factors:

  • Personal qualities of parents;
  • Timetable of their work;
  • Prosperity;
  • marital status;
  • Relations with the child;
  • The presence of other children;
  • Health of parents;
  • Finding a home from an educational institution;
  • The opinion of the child is more than 10 years old.

The court chooses a place of residence for the child with that parent who is able to provide normal conditions for life, upbringing and development. The solution of this issue by agreement is the most favorable way, since it does not harm a minor. It is desirable to notarize the document. In the absence of parents, the state assumes all responsibilities. This is regulated by the Family Code of the Russian Federation. And this is supervised by the guardianship authorities.

The age of majority

A person after 18 years of age is recognized as an adult, as he can independently control rights, perform duties, and also be responsible for his actions. It turns out that he becomes legally competent.

From the age of 18 a citizen has the right to drive, marry, work, participate in elections. He also has administrative, criminal, civil liability.

Full legal capacity

Although age means legal capacity, a citizen does not have all the opportunities. For example, the suffrage is only passive: it can elect, but not be elected, because the balloting begins at age 21.

To take part in the presidential election, you must wait 35 years. As a result, full legal capacity appears later. But this applies only to certain spheres of life in which a minority participates.

Adults under the age of 18

Not always age is defined by years. There are 2 factors under which it comes earlier:

  • marriage;
  • emancipation.

Although the Family Code comes with the age of majority, there are special cases when the marriage can be resolved from the age of 16. The legal capacity comes with official employment or the opening of one's own business.

Therefore, legal capacity is not necessarily established from the age of 18. When assigning this status, many life factors are taken into account. Depending on this, the citizen acquires rights and duties.

The observance of the rights of the child is monitored by the guardianship authorities. If there are any violations on the part of parents or other persons, then employees can apply to the court or the prosecutor's office. This is how the interests of the child are ensured.

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