Building a house: new construction technologies and materials

The evolution of housing construction over the past decades has radically changed the notion of comfortable, safe and functional housing. The introduction of automated systems, increasing the efficiency of engineering and the unsurpassed technical and physical properties of building materials - these are the key areas for the development of modern house construction. New construction technologies are actively absorbing innovative solutions from related areas.

The development of alternative approaches to production processes, electrical know-how, as well as scientific discoveries, leave their imprint on technological solutions in the construction field. At the same time development covers almost all existing niches - from the methods of laying the foundation to power tools and finishing materials.

Block formwork

As you know, the foundation of the house is the foundation. To obtain a strong and reliable structure, it must have an appropriate platform. The principles on which houses are built using the new technology of block (or non-removable) formwork, suggest several directions. One of the most popular in Russia is the formation of formwork made of polystyrene hollow elements with reinforcing cage.

A feature of the design is that the load from the walls is transferred to a monolithic reinforced concrete base - the formwork itself includes plates, block components, and light panels. By the way, the latter do not require removal after concrete hardens, and provide two functions: heat-insulating and form-building.

In addition to polystyrene foam materials, a new technology for building houses allows the use of wood-cement construction, realized from slabs and blocks. In the manufacture of such formwork, cement and coniferous chips from woodworking waste are used, which is reflected in the ecological qualities of the building.

Thermal

A bright illustration of the merits of using expanded polystyrene and block formwork is a thermode. It provides for the installation of a monolithic concrete base, which is realized by means of insulated molded components made of polystyrene foam. Obviously, new technologies for building private houses in cold regions require increased thermal insulation, which is provided by expanded polystyrene elements.

These are hollow thermoblocks, in which niches a concrete solution is poured. Thus, a 15-centimeter monolithic wall is formed, which has double-sided insulation with expanded polystyrene panels 5 cm thick.

3D-technologies in construction

Not to mention that the use of 3D modeling has been practiced for many years in the development of interior design projects and the preparation of technical documentation, today, 3D material is also gaining popularity. Special panels, which act as a link between monolithic and frame-panel housing construction, allowed to master new technologies. Materials in construction on the basis of 3D-panels can be represented as factory polystyrene foam elements.

By design, they resemble ordinary slabs, but encased in two reinforcing meshes running parallel. The connections in the panels are formed by the diagonal rods of stainless or galvanized wire. The fixation of the rods takes place at an angle - thus the foam polystyrene base breaks through, which creates a spatial cavity together with reinforcing meshes. In a completed form, such a system is covered with concrete and looks like a one-piece monolithic structure.

The innovation of frame housing construction

The name of this technique for specialists can be associated with sets of ready-made prefabricated elements, from which rapid construction of the house is performed. New construction technologies have undoubtedly succeeded in this area, but in the case of wireframe know-how, another is important.

The design of such buildings provides for the dilution of the load from the walls and components that provide the supporting function. That is, the first in this case do not act as a restraining element - this task is shifted to a vertical frame (skeleton). This is a fundamentally new technology for building houses on a frame principle, thanks to which new opportunities are opened for builders in the construction of walls, as one of the key functions (carrier) disappears.

The idea of a "smart" house

Perhaps, the most actual direction, mastering which are engaged in the largest manufacturers and construction organizations. According to the concept of a "smart" home, the living space is maximally optimized both in terms of energy efficiency, and in terms of ease of use.

Since there are risks of a significant rise in price of such projects, companies tend to focus on the economical construction of the house. New construction technologies from different areas allow combining communication systems, security devices, lighting equipment, electrical appliances and other elements of providing functionality and comfort in a single infrastructure. The interconnection of individual systems, implemented in one complex, significantly facilitates the operation of the house and optimizes the consumption of its resources.

Innovations in lighting equipment

At this stage of development of lighting devices, LED products are clearly highlighted. This is confirmed by the massive transition to Led-lighting of industrial and public facilities, however, the private sector is also interested in an advantageous light source. Particularly expressed application of new technologies in the construction of country houses, which are the most energy-consuming. Complex supply of cottages with LED devices allows you to save up to 50%, while maintaining high productivity and quality of lighting. In the latest models of Led luminaires, manufacturers use fundamentally new solutions - for example, they incorporate polycarbonate and aluminum elements into the casing, and the base of the lamp is provided with prismatic light diffusers.

Tools and equipment

In these areas, product improvement is due to strong competition in the market. Convenience, efficiency and safety in the operation of construction tools are enhanced by the introduction of new fixators for processing heads, more reliable cutting components, high-power batteries, anti-vibration systems, etc. Ergonomics - manufacturers use special plastic and rubber compounds in the tool, which simplifies building. New technologies, new equipment and a wide range of auxiliary systems allow performing repair and installation operations safely, efficiently and efficiently.

"Green" technologies

Technological advancement in construction can no longer be imagined without composite and synthetic materials. Despite the assurances of manufacturers in the absolute safety of such products, the genuine environmental friendliness of the house is possible only if natural raw materials are used. For all the exotic design projects from adobe, clay, earth and other materials are in demand and improved. The foundation is made on the basis of harmless concrete, and in the device of the roof, shingles, reeds, straw, etc., are used.

The concept of the project "Lisya Nora" seems very original, in essence, it assumes the construction of a house on the ground. New construction technologies here can be regarded as the very idea of maximum approximation to nature. To less radical variants of eco houses are structures in which the use of strong mixtures, paint coatings, plastic lining and other non-natural building materials is minimized.

Trends in the development of housing construction

It is difficult to single out or outline at least some indicative directions, which may have a continuation in the future. There are quite a lot of them, and the close interconnection of different approaches in direct construction does not allow us to distinguish between specializations of technologies. For example, the entry of fiberglass reinforcement leads to changes in the methods of foundation construction, and the use of composite panels introduces new requirements for fixing elements. From this it follows that the latest technologies in construction are aimed at achieving a specific task, taking into account and developing related areas.

Predicting what will be the construction in 20-50 years is also impossible. Today, the use of some space technologies is becoming a practice, gunpowder tools are appearing - perhaps these areas will soon lay the foundation for new concepts of house building, leaving behind a once revolutionary "warm" floor, polycarbonate alloys and vinyl wallpaper. But in any case, the newest technologies in construction will be focused on a completely traditional set of characteristics of a modern house - energy efficiency, comfort and ergonomics, reliability and durability, safety and economy. Under such requests, technology is also being developed for the development of building mixtures, block materials, equipment, etc.