Building a car for beginners

Nowadays almost every person drives a car. But not everyone knows the structure of the car. This article will outline what nodes and aggregates are part of the vehicle design. Consider, so to speak, the structure of the car for teapots.

The modern market provides a huge number of models and brands of cars, but almost all cars are built on the same design.

Scheme of the device of a car

Any car consists of the following set of parts:

• Bearing structure, called the body.
• Chassis.
• Diesel or gasoline internal combustion engine.
• Transmission.
• The system that controls the engine.
• Electrical equipment.

A cursory review can lead to the conclusion that everything is simple enough. But the above parts are only the general structure of the car. Each of the nodes is worthy of being written about not just an article, but even a book. But there is still no reason to go deep, since the structure of the car for beginners does not mean a lot of details. Further, only those main points that must be known to every car enthusiast are described. It is necessary to say that complete ignorance of the device of the machine can lead to serious expenses for repair and maintenance of cars in service centers.

Body

This is the load-bearing part. Almost all units and components of the car are attached to it. Few know that the very first models of cars did not have a body . Everything was attached to the frame, like motorcycles or trucks. But in an effort to reduce the weight and make the structure of the car more convenient manufacturers have replaced the frame structure on the body. What does the body consist of? Its main components are:

• The bottom, to which various reinforcing elements are welded.
• Front and rear side members.
• The roof of the car.
• Compartment for the motor.
• Other attachments.

Since the body is a spatial construction, the division can be called very conditional, because all the details are interrelated. So, the bottom with spars is a single unit, serving as a support for the suspension. To the hinged parts can be considered a door, hood, trunk lid and wings.

Chassis of the car

This mechanism consists of a large number of nodes and aggregates. It is with their help that the car is able to move around. Since it describes the structure of the car for dummies, you need to get acquainted with the "walker". What does it consist of?

• Wheels.
• Leading bridges.
• Rear and front suspension.

Most of the modern cars are equipped with an independent front suspension of the McPherson. This type makes it possible to seriously improve the handling and comfort of the vehicle. Each wheel to the body is attached using its own system. Dependent type of suspension has long been obsolete, but some manufacturers still use it.

The engine of the car

Probably everyone knows the purpose of this node, so there will not be a detailed description here. The main purpose is to convert the heat energy received from the burned fuel into a mechanical one, transmitted through the transmission to the wheels of the machine.

Transmission of the car

The main function of this part is this: it transmits the torque from the motor shaft to the wheels of the car. The transmission consists of such units as:

• Leading bridges.
• Gear box for gear changes.
• Clutch.
• Cardan transmission.
• Hinges.

Clutch is necessary in order to connect the shafts of the engine and gearbox. With its help provides a smooth transmission of torque. The gearbox is needed in order to change the gear ratio and reduce the load on the engine. The bridge is either mounted in the transmission housing or serves as a rear beam. Depending on this, the car is front-wheel drive or rear-wheel drive. Cardan gear connects the box to the bridge or wheels.

Electrical equipment

It consists of the following main nodes:

• Battery.
• Alternator.
• Electrical wiring.
• System for engine management.
• Consumers of electrical energy.

The battery is needed to start the engine and is the energy source that is being renewed. When the engine is not running, the battery powers all the car's energy consumers.

The generator is necessary in order to maintain a constant voltage in the on-board network and recharge the battery.

Wiring is a set of wires that form an onboard network that connects all consumers and sources of electricity.

The system that controls the engine consists of various sensors and an electronic control unit.

Consumers are lanterns, lights, start-up and ignition systems, window lifters and windshield wipers.

Thus, the structure of the car is not so difficult, if not to delve into the details. Well, those who want to learn more about all the details and nodes, it is recommended to look for specialized literature.