Antibiotic semi-synthetic penicillin broad spectrum

To treat pathologies that are infectious or bacterial, antibiotics are often used. However, their number is so large that it is not always possible for the patient to understand which particular drug will suit him. Naturally, self-medication is not worth it. Choose a doctor will help you. But most often used penicillin semisynthetic. It has been known for more than 80 years.

What is the product?

So, penicillin semisynthetic is an analog of natural substance, possessing new, very valuable properties, and considered more effective than its predecessor. That is, it can act in those cases when pathogenic microorganisms develop resistance to the effects of natural penicillin.

Preparations of this group are considered to be one of the most effective against a large number of diseases, therefore they are used widely enough. In addition, they are almost completely safe for the body. That is why they are often prescribed for the treatment of pregnant women, as well as infants.

Penicillin semisynthetic is more resistant to acid, so it can be taken already in the form of tablets. It has a long action. That is, this group of drugs is the most common and widely used in medical practice.

Principle of antibiotic action

Thus, the agents of the group represented in their composition contain a β-lactam ring. It is this that makes it possible to stop the production of peptidoglycan by the cell of a harmful microorganism. That is, the growth and multiplication of the pathogen stop, it is not updated, and therefore, perishes. At the same time, the substance does not act negatively on the cells of the human body, since there is no peptidoglycan in their composition.

In addition, the β-lactam ring disrupts the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall, which provokes an abnormal metabolism inside it. In general, semi-synthetic penicillin is very effective in combating various infections of internal organs, surgical pathologies.

Product Benefits

So, it is necessary to further consider what advantages this group of drugs possesses. Semisynthetic penicillins have such advantages:

• They are able to effectively act even on those pathogens that have already developed resistance to the action of this type of antibiotic.
• Many drugs have a wide range of action, that is, they can destroy a large number of different bacteria.
• Most of the penicillins in this group have a distinctive property: resistance to gastric acid. That is, the tablets will be no less effective than injections.

Application Features

A group of semisynthetic penicillins is the most common among all existing antibiotics. They are issued in various forms. In the pharmacy you can buy syrup, tablets, powder for dilution or ready-made liquid for injections. Powder is usually packaged in glass bottles of a certain volume, which are closed with a rubber lid and a metal cap. After opening the bottle, the antibiotic should be used immediately, since it is not stored for a long time in the open form.

Powder is used for the preparation of intramuscular or subcutaneous solution. A special liquid is used for its dilution. There are also granular powders from which a suspension for oral administration is prepared. Most often this form of antibiotic is used to treat young children.

However, the most common form of manufacture are tablets. Due to the fact that some products of the presented group are resistant to the effects of gastric acid, the main substance is not destroyed in them. That is, they remain the most effective even after getting into an aggressive environment.

Indications for use

In the presence of any infectious or bacterial pathology in the body, the doctor has the right to prescribe antibiotics. Semisynthetic penicillins can be used to treat such diseases:

• Inflammation of the lungs, infection of the pleura.
• Endocarditis of a septic character.
• Gynecological diseases, which are accompanied by an inflammatory process and are characterized by the appearance of pus.
• Anthrax.
• Sepsis.
• Peritonitis.
• Infection of the throat, nose, or ears.
• Meningitis.
• Gas gangrene.
• Diphtheria.
• Gonorrhea, syphilis.
• Leptospirosis.
• Scarlet fever.
• Infectious infection of ureters and bile ducts.
• Wound infections of the skin or soft tissues, which are accompanied by the release of pus.
• Gonococcal conjunctivitis, phlegmon orbit, keratitis, trauma to the eyelids or the eye itself.

In addition, this list can be expanded. As can be seen from the presented indications, penicillins are used to treat diseases of almost all human organs.

What are the contraindications for use?

Despite the fact that semisynthetic penicillins, whose spectrum of action is very wide, are almost completely safe for humans, they still have some contraindications to use:

1. Allergic reaction to the drug or its components.
2. Organic intolerance of some groups of medications.

However, the occurrence of allergies is rather small. But with the appointment of penicillin drugs, the doctor must conduct an analysis of the patient's tolerability of these drugs.

What unwanted reactions can occur?

Side effects of semisynthetic penicillins are described in sufficient detail. They can have different intensities. In most cases, the manifestations are minimal and there are no risks to the life and health of the patient. After taking drugs based on penicillin, there may be such adverse reactions:

• Nausea and vomiting.
• Eosinophilia.
• Increase in overall body temperature.
• Headache.
• Bronchial spasm.
• Edema (even swelling of the Quincke).
• Neurotoxic reaction.
• Arthropia (secondary involvement of joints caused by other diseases).
• Convulsions.
• Coma.
• Allergic reaction. It can be slow or harsh.
• Phlebitis or thrombophlebitis (with intravenous administration).
• Stomatitis (when using a tablet form).

In any case, the list of adverse reactions can be extended to infinity. However, with the timely discontinuation of taking this group of drugs, unwanted reactions take place within a few days. However, severe allergies can lead to the death of the patient. Therefore, it should be contraindicated to take penicillins in any form (even with food).

Classification of funds

So, to separate preparations on the basis of semisynthetic penicillins it is possible on such groups:

1. Penicillin-resistant: "Oxacillin", "Methicillin".
2. Carboxypenicillins: "Tikarcillin", "Carbenicillin".
3. Antisinogenious:
4. Aminopenicillins: "Amoxicillin", "Ampicillin" (the most common). These semisynthetic penicillins of a wide spectrum of action are not resistant to the influence of beta-lactanases. However, they can be taken in the form of tablets.
5. Uridopenicillins: "Mezlocillin", "Azlocillin".

Despite the fact that each group of such semisynthetic drugs is intended to fight certain diseases, if they are ineffective, they can not be combined with other bacteriostatic antibiotics. It can harm the body.

Which solvent should I choose to dilute the powder?

In order to inject the antibiotic intramuscularly or subcutaneously, the powder must be converted into a liquid. Various solvents are used for this. The most common of these are: saline, water for injection, and Novokain.

If intramuscular injection is contemplated, any of the above solvents may be used. But it should not be warm, since the effectiveness of the powder after the dilution in this case may decrease. In summer, cold water can be used to lower the temperature of the solvent. It is necessary simply to lower the ampoule into a vessel with a liquid for several minutes. The temperature of the bottle should not exceed 18-20 degrees.

In order to reduce the feeling of discomfort during the injection, it is better to apply saline. If the patient already does not want to feel any painful sensations, then the powder can be diluted with Novokain, which has a local anesthetic effect. However, in this case, the prepared liquid may become turbid due to the appearance of a novocaine salt of benzylpenicillin. However, this does not affect the quality or effectiveness of the drug.

The most common drugs: a brief description

If semisynthetic penicillins are to be used, the drugs are prescribed by the doctor in each individual case. The most popular antibiotics of this group are:

• Ampicillin. It is a wide-spectrum antibiotic that effectively acts on gram-negative and some gram-positive bacteria. From the stomach and intestines the drug is absorbed slowly enough. Drug tolerance is good in most patients. With the joint reception of "Ampicillin" with oral anticoagulants, the effect of the latter increases. The drug is taken 4-6 times / day.
• "Amoxicillin." This is a drug similar to the previous one, which is characterized by a more complete absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. Most often it is sold in the form of tablets, since it is resistant to the negative effect of gastric juice and does not collapse under its influence.
• "Oxacillin." This drug is not only resistant to gastric acid, but also to those enzymes that can destroy penicillin. Due to the fact that it is quickly excreted in the urine, it will have to be taken often enough. Use the drug in the form of injections.

Group of cephalosporins

There is a separate group of antibiotics: semisynthetic penicillins - cephalosporins. They occur from the natural toxic preparation "Cephalosporin C". The drugs of this group are widely used in chemotherapy for the treatment of various infectious diseases.

Prescribe drugs of this group should only a doctor who knows about the peculiarities of their action. For example, not all the means of the first and second generation are equally effective. However, the resistance of bacteria to cephalosporins develops relatively slowly. It should be noted that the agents of this group have a sufficiently strong toxic effect on the kidneys even when a relatively small dose (4-6 g) is administered.

That's all the features of drugs made on the basis of penicillin. Despite all the safety of these antibiotics for the body, self-medication can not be done in any case. Be healthy!