HealthDiseases and Conditions

Angina: a causative agent of the disease in adults and children. Signs and types of sore throat

It is unlikely that there will be many people who have never had a sore throat. To prevent this from happening, some are afraid to eat ice cream, do not drink drinks directly from the refrigerator, but they are necessarily heated. But is it only cold that causes angina? The causative agent of the disease, as scientists have accurately determined, is very diverse. And "attacks" our throat for multiple reasons. Angina can begin as a complication of other serious diseases, such as influenza, it can be delivered to us from outside by dangerous microbes. But in most cases, the causative agent of angina is the genus of tiny bacteria that live in our mouth constantly and do not harm. What should happen to these bacteria suddenly become aggressive? What other pathogenic organisms cause inflammation in the throat? How do they influence the course of the disease? How can they protect themselves and their loved ones from them?

Angina, tonsillitis or pharyngitis?

How do we imagine a sore throat? This red throat, perspiration, pain when swallowing, fever, lethargy, irresistible desire to lie down. Some call this condition tonsillitis, others angina. In principle, this is the same thing. The word "tonsillitis" is formed from the Latin tonsillae, translated as "tonsils", or, in a popular way, glands. These are such formations from the lymphoid tissue, which protect us from dangerous microbes and help to develop immunity. The word "angina" is formed from the Latin ango, which means "squeeze, squeeze."

Inflammation of the tonsils, in which the throat as it were squeezed, and there is tonsillitis, or tonsillitis. The causative agent, which breaks the normal state of our tonsils, can be this:

  • Viruses;
  • Bacteria;
  • Pathogenic fungi.

It turns out, sore throat never comes from ice cream or cold drink. Long stay in the cold here, too, has nothing to do with it.

Pharyngitis is the inflammation of the pharyngeal mucosa (a tube that connects the oral cavity to the esophagus), since the pharynx sounds like pharynx in Latin. But in its upper part this organ is a throat with tonsils. Thus, pharyngitis in the area of throat and larynx can also be considered a sore throat. The difference is that angina is only an infectious disease, and pharyngitis can be non-infectious, that is, caused by exposure to the throat of toxic vapors, hot air, the same ice cream and hypothermia. Symptoms are similar to angina and include:

  • sore throat;
  • Pain when swallowing;
  • Sometimes the temperature and cough.

Infectious pharyngitis also happens, but in addition, it can be a complication of influenza, scarlet fever and other ailments. In such cases, he is often mistakenly diagnosed as a sore throat. The causative agent of these two diseases is the same, the symptoms are almost identical. The difference, which even experienced doctors do not always notice, is that in angina the inflammation is localized on the tonsils. And with pharyngitis it does not have clear boundaries, redness in the throat is as if spilled, tonsils on the general background of hyperemia are not allocated.

Types of angina

With the names of the ailments figured out. Now consider what forms can take tonsillitis, or tonsillitis. The causative agent here plays the main role, but not only him. In addition to the type of microbe that penetrates into the throat, the degree of damage is also different, which is very important when prescribing a course of therapy. Proceeding from the aforesaid, a sore throat happens:

  • Catarrhal;
  • Lacunar;
  • Follicular;
  • Phlegmonous;
  • Fibrinous;
  • Herpetic;
  • Gonorrhea;
  • Ulcerative-film.

Pathogenic viruses

These living structures multiply only in the cells of living beings, therefore they constantly seek to penetrate there. When they hit our mouths, defense systems immediately begin to develop antibodies to neutralize uninvited guests. If the health is ok, and the immunity is strong, the viruses manage to contain or completely destroy.

If the body is weak, parasites are introduced into the cells of the tonsils - our protective barrier - and proceed to active reproduction. Cells die, tonsils become inflamed, viral angina begins. The causative agent of the disease may be the influenza virus, Epstein-Bar, herpes, Coxsackie, adenovirus, picornavirus, enterovirus. In practice, the type of pathogen is rarely defined and gives them all one name - SARS. Most often, viral sore throat:

  • children;
  • The elderly;
  • Suffered any disease, operation;
  • Pregnant women;
  • Patients with any chronic ailment.

That is, people with weak immunity fall into the risk group. Their body is not capable of producing many antibodies, so invading viruses easily reach the cells they need.

The peak of viral angina occurs in the winter and off-season, especially the beginning of spring, when we eat less fresh vegetables and fruits.

Remember: viral angina is very contagious. The causative agent has a high virulence, that is, it easily infects new victims by sneezing, coughing, emotional conversation, kissing. Also, viruses can settle on various objects and enter the mouth (especially children) in the absence of hygiene.

Symptoms of viral sore throat:

  • Soreness in the throat;
  • Reddening of the tonsils (sometimes there is a whitish coating);
  • temperature;
  • Enlargement of lymph nodes in the neck, submandibular zone.

Common symptoms of many viral infections are common:

  • Stool disorder;
  • nausea;
  • cough;
  • conjunctivitis;
  • Runny nose.

Treatment is carried out by antiviral drugs, for example, "Ergoferon." Antibiotics are contraindicated. At high temperature, antipyretic "Aspirin", "Paracetamol" is prescribed. The patient is benefited by a plentiful warm drink, rinses "Chlorhexidine", a solution of furatsilina or broths of chamomile, calendula, a solution of soda food. Compresses are good. Children can be made with simple warm water, adults are advised to add to the water any alcohol (1: 1). Bed rest is a prerequisite for a quick recovery.

Pathogenic bacteria, the causative agent of angina streptococcus

In each person about 4 kg of bacteria live. Fortunately, only 1% of them are pathogenic. Among the remaining 99% are the so-called conditionally pathogenic, which become pathogenic in a confluence of circumstances, for example, with weakening of immunity. To our own bad microbes can be added from the environment "foreign" bacteria. The causative agents of angina are:

  • Streptococci;
  • Staphylococci;
  • Spirochetes;
  • Diplococci;
  • Löffner's bacillus;
  • Gonococcus.

Most of these parasites have their extensive classification. Representatives of each strain differ from each other not only externally, but also by behavior. They feed addiction to the invasion of strictly defined cells, differentiate endo- and exotoxins, respectively, cause various types of inflammation and ailments. Therefore, they can not be treated with the same antibiotics. To determine what to fight with and what medicines, doctors take smears of pus and mucus from the tonsils and throat.

The causative agent of angina streptococcus is an anaerobic, not requiring oxygen, not moving, located in pairs or in chains. The classification of streptococci is impressive. All of them, depending on how the erythrocytes destroy (carry out hemolysis), are divided into three groups - alpha, beta and gamma. Alpha streptococci are called green, because their hemolysis is incomplete, and a greenish color appears in the zone of destruction.

Gamma streptococci do not destroy erythrocytes at all. Now they are isolated in a separate group of enterococci.

Beta streptococci destroy the red blood cells completely. They are divided into groups from A to U. Representatives of group A, or pyogenic bacteria, are considered opportunistic. They can get into the mouth from the environment and immediately provoke the disease, but can not cause trouble for a long time. But as soon as a person's immunity weakens, these streptococci embark on destructive activity, causing angina, pharyngitis, bronchitis, scarlet fever, abscesses and even toxic shock.

Bacterial angina, causative agent of staphylococcus aureus

This is the second type of microbe, which is able to become opportunistic from pathogenic to become very dangerous. He received the name from the Greek word "stafili", which means "grapes", because staphylococci are always located in groups resembling grape clusters. They are also immobile and do not require oxygen. In the oral cavity they contain up to 40% of the remaining microorganisms. While a person has high immunity, they are harmless, but in weakened people these microbes become extremely active. Help them and pathogenic streptococci, with which staphylococci often work together. This couple is found in a smear from the throat with angina and other infectious diseases. Staphylococcus happens:

  • Golden;
  • Epidermal;
  • Saprophytic;
  • Hemolytic.

They all cause purulent inflammatory processes and produce multiple toxins that can even lead to death. To protect themselves, staphylococci produce specific proteins and penicillinase, killing antibodies and making many antibiotics useless.

Staphylococci live not only in the mouth, but also in the environment. They have fantastic stability. For example, in dry substrates left from pus and sputum, they remain active for six months, in dust for 3 months, do not die in the sun, in the freezer, in hot water, they can withstand dehydration. Only boiling can kill them right away.

The remaining types of bacteria are at least as pathogenic, but are much less common.

Catarrhal angina

The term "catarrhal" is formed from catarrhus, that is, the flow of liquids. Now this kind of inflammation of the mucous is often called ARVI. The causative agents of angina in adults and children can be both viral and bacterial. Causes of onset of the disease:

  • Activation of pathogenic microbes present in the mouth;
  • Invasion from the outside (in contact with patients and non-compliance with hygiene).

Symptoms:

  • Sharp deterioration of health, weakness in the whole body;
  • headache;
  • Temperature (in some patients it can be kept within 37.2-37.5 ° C, but generally rises above 38 ° C);
  • Enlargement of lymph nodes in the submaxillary zone;
  • The sensation as if the throat is "grinding";
  • Painful swallowing;
  • Redness and swelling of the tonsils of the palatines, and also mucous arch in the throat;
  • Appearance on the tonsils whitish plaque, but without ulcers;
  • Increased protein in the urine (at high temperature);
  • In the blood, an increase in ESR and leukocytes is possible, but this characteristic is not characteristic.

Catarrhal angina without fever is often diagnosed as ARD.

The causative agents of angina in infants are transferred from a sick mother or other family members. Since immunity in newborns is not yet formed, the disease can begin from hypothermia and after other viral infections. Most often, babies suffer from staphylococcus, streptococcus and viruses.

Symptoms are the same as in adults, but can additionally be:

  • Capriciousness;
  • Reluctance is;
  • Drowsiness or, conversely, anxiety;
  • Increased salivation;
  • At a high temperature, convulsions, diarrhea and regurgitation.

Methods of treatment:

  • Bed rest;
  • Gargling, compresses;
  • Plentiful drink;
  • Sulfanilamide preparations (Biseptol, Streptocide, Bactrim);
  • Antihistamines;
  • Antipyretic (according to indications);
  • Vitamins.

Antibiotics are prescribed only by the doctor on the basis of the tests performed.

The algorithm for treatment of angina in infants is determined only by a doctor. Prior to his arrival, parents can only bring down the heat (if it is above 38 ° C) in a people-tested way, consisting in wiping the child's calf or only his forehead with a weak solution of vinegar. Independently neither antipyretics nor antibiotics can not be given. Babies older than a year before the arrival of a doctor can give children's antipyretic "Paracetamol" or "Nurofen", and often give the child a warm tea.

Follicular sore throat

Follicles in the throat are accumulations of lymphatic cells on the tonsils. In a normal state, they look like barely discernible tubercles. When they become inflamed, follicular tonsillitis begins. The causes of the disease are the same as in catarrhal angina, which without treatment often develops into the follicular. In adults and children, it occurs with an equal degree. The causative agent of follicular sore throat is streptococcus, staphylococcus, some viruses.

Symptoms:

  • Sudden sudden debut, expressed in a temperature jump above 39 ° C, fever, general weakness;
  • Pain in the throat, giving in the ears;
  • Enlarged spleen;
  • Pain in the head, in the lower back;
  • Sometimes signs of intoxication, and in children they are more pronounced;
  • Tonsils are hyperemic, with well-marked white or slightly yellowish small abscesses;

  • Sometimes signs of heart failure (tachycardia, pain in the heart);
  • Increased pain when turning the head;
  • In the blood increased eosinophils, ESR, leukocytes.

Since the causative agents of angina are often streptococci and staphylococci, that is, bacteria, treatment is mandatory with antibiotics. Their spectrum is large - Ampicillin, Erythromycin, Tsefamezin and others.

Children and adults can also use sprays to relieve pain in the throat of "Oracet", "Thoringspray". The rest of the algorithm is similar to that used for catarrhal angina.

From the menu, you should exclude rough, spicy, salty, peppery foods. Children should be given mashed potatoes and light porridges, and forcible feeding is contraindicated.

Lacunar angina

Lacunas are formations on tonsils in the form of pockets and grooves. They are ideal for accumulating purulent-mucous exudate in them. The causative agents of lacunar angina are only bacteria, most often cocci, but viruses can significantly aggravate an already seriously ill condition. Symptomatics in lacunar angina is similar to follicular, but all manifestations in this case are much more pronounced. So, the temperature in patients often jumps to 40 ° C, headaches can be up to vomiting, signs of intoxication are present in both children and adults, weakness and weakness in the whole body such that the person does not want to move. On the tonsils of the patient even an amateur sees white or yellowish abscesses. They are much more than with follicular angina, but not as large as with fungal lesions of the throat. This is the main principle of visual differentiation of these three diseases.

Treatment of lacunar angina is identical to follicular. The abscesses in the throat can not be removed, and the wound can be lubricated with antiseptics. Plaque is removed only by rinsing.

Sometimes follicular and lacunar angina develop to the stage of fibrinous, when the purulent deposit spreads from the tonsils to the adjacent parts of the pharynx.

Herpetic tonsillitis

This ailment has several equivalent names - herpangina, aphthous or vesicular enterovirus pharyngitis. The causative agent of herpetic sore throat virus, more precisely a few serovars of the Coxsackie virus, and not bacteria, so treatment with antibiotics in this case is inappropriate. The disease affects children more often, including infants, and in adults it is rarely diagnosed. It is very easy to catch herpes, since Coxsackie viruses are fantastically virulent and are quickly transmitted from their human carriers by airborne droplets, less often by fecal-oral (dirty hands-toys, nipple-mouth). Even more rarely, the disease can be obtained from contact with some animals, for example from pigs. Once in the body of its victim, the viruses are introduced into the lymph nodes, then into the bloodstream, and from there to the lymph system of the throat.

Symptoms:

  • A sharp debut (a temperature jump of 40 ° C, weakness, up to nedostoy on the legs, the children often have convulsions);
  • Increased soreness of the throat;
  • Coryza;
  • Sometimes coughing;
  • A rash in the throat in the form of reddish vesicles, filled with a transparent exudate (they resemble those that are poured out on the lips with herpes); A couple of days, the bubbles burst, and erosion appears in their place.

For infants the most dangerous is herpes sore throat. The causative agent in their weak organism is capable of provoking meningitis, pyelonephritis, encephalitis, and vesicles can appear not only in the mouth, but also on the body.

Visual diagnosis is made after examination of the mucous membranes, and the final one on the basis of serological and virologic tests.

Treatment includes a complex of antiviral drugs, according to indications, antipyretic agents, antihistamines, immunomodulating. The throat is treated with special sprays, and adult children are given rinses. Compresses and inhalations for herpetic angina are prohibited. Antibiotics in the complex are prescribed only if complications associated with bactericidal infection have begun.

Purulent sore throat

This term is sometimes called other diseases, in which inflammatory processes are observed in the throat with the formation of a purulent exudate. This lacunar and follicular angina, an important feature of which is that the abscesses are always located on the tonsils and do not spread to neighboring areas. The causative agent of purulent sore throat is bacteria only, 80% is streptococcus, 10% is staphylococcus, and another 10% is a tandem of these two pathogens. Sometimes purulent angina is called fungal or gonorrheal forms, but there are visual differences. So, fungal angina is caused by mycosis, most often Candida. Its main symptom is a white cheesy plaque all over the area of the pharynx, even in the tongue. That's why fungal angina is confused with thrush. Fungal plaque easily removes, revealing reddish sores. The causes of the appearance - the weakening of immunity, long or uncontrolled reception of antibiotics. If the causative agent of angina is the gonococcus, it is called gonorrhea, or more correctly gonorrhea of the throat. It happens with the rare exception only in adults. The reason is oral sex with the carrier. Symptoms of gonorrhea and purulent angina are extremely similar, therefore exact differentiation is possible only by taking a smear from the oral cavity. Visually abscesses with gonorrhea are more dense than with angina, plus, they can spread to the palate and tongue.

It is important to understand that purulent angina - the disease is only acute, lasts no more than 10 days and does not recur. If in 10 days it was not possible to get rid of the disease, then, initially, an incorrect diagnosis was made. Without proper treatment, angina gives complications:

  • Abscesses in the throat;
  • Otitis of medium severity with possible hearing loss;
  • sepsis;
  • Rheumatic fever;
  • heartache;
  • Renal insufficiency;
  • chronic tonsillitis.

And the last thing: angina is a contagious disease. Therefore, in order not to infect their relatives, the sick person must strictly observe hygiene.

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