Age features of children of primary school age: primary school pedagogy

Just yesterday, a merry little fellow built kulichiki in the sandbox and rolled cars on a string, and today on his desk already lay notebooks and textbooks, and behind him hangs a huge satchel.

The preschool child turned into a young schoolboy. What are the age characteristics of children of primary school age, how to educate a student with a delay in mental development (CRD), and what should be paid special attention in training a child with hearing impairment - all this will be discussed in this article. We will try to open the topic in as much detail as possible so that you do not have any questions left.

Age features of children of primary school age

The children of primary school age are children from 6 to 11 years old, the so-called elementary school, from the first to the fourth grade. Many parents ask themselves: "At what age should the child be sent to school?" There is no clear answer to this. One is ready and in 6 years to easily spend 40 minutes in class, understand everything and remember, and the other and at 8 years old can not do it and already in the middle of the first lesson will lose all attention. Therefore, before making a decision about starting a new, adult, school life, a medical-psychological-pedagogical commission (MKPK) should be passed. In each kindergarten, this commission is held on the release of the baby from the preparatory group. But if the parents have even the slightest doubt about the advisability of attending a school at 6-7 years old, you should consult a clinical psychiatrist and a neurologist. If these specialists are not in the polyclinic to which the baby is attached, then you will have to go to the city psycho-neurological dispensary.

Suitable age for first class

At this age, the year for the development and "maturation" of the child's brain is a very long period. Today's too energetic children should not cross the threshold of the school before 7 years, and some, especially active ones, it is better to leave in the kindergarten and up to 8. Let the baby feel harmonious in the classroom, and not break out with a cry from school, , What did the teacher explain there? Hurrying with entering the first class, you can permanently discourage the child from learning. Do not take this away from your baby, because the world of knowledge is exciting and interesting, open the door in it on time, do not rush, prepare both the child and yourself so that it does not turn out, as in that children's song: "Dad decides, and Vasya surrenders."

So, the age features of children of primary school age mean a large development reserve. This means that with the beginning of a new life, the young schoolboy begins to rebuild all his conscious processes, the child acquires qualities that are already characteristic of adults, because the student is included in a new activity for him. Interpersonal relationships are established between the child and all cognitive processes become stable and productive.

Do I need additional school preparation?

For the overwhelming majority of children, a visit to the "preschooler's school" is highly recommended. But their positive effect will be given only by those classes that will be held in the school in which the child will study in the future. And that teacher who will become his class teacher. The teacher gets acquainted with the children in advance, prepares future students for the training program that they will have throughout the primary school, in a word, prepares the children "for themselves." Children, in turn, get acquainted with a new person (their future class teacher), premises and rules.

After going to the first class after the "preschooler's school", the child already feels confident. He knows where his office is, how to reach the toilet, where the wardrobe and the dining room are located. This extra confidence is very important for a small schoolboy. Usually classes are held a couple of times a week, in the evenings. Homework is not asked, and such classes are free.

What Parents Can Help a Preschooler

In order to use the reserves already available for the child, parents must make every effort to quickly adapt the schoolchildren and to direct the age features of the children of primary school age to the benefit of the student. Use his curiosity and thirst to learn everything new for good.

Adults should translate all doshkolenka games into the student's channel: to teach mindfulness, to develop perseverance and self-control. Let there be more board games, they just develop all these qualities.

The regime for a young schoolboy

A strict regime for an elementary school student is simply necessary. Take the Whatman, paint, markers and together with the child draw a wall newspaper. Call it "My Day" and every minute describe the entire weekday of the student - from rising to release. Do not forget to enter there and time for games and recreation.

Hang up your own newspaper in a prominent place next to the child's desk. Not far from it there should be hours, according to which the schoolboy will check his affairs.

There are some features of children of primary school age who in no way will easily and simply observe this regime, prescribed in the wall newspaper "My Day".

The child can be capricious at the ascent. Then just lift it 10 minutes early. Let him lie down in a bed, stretch. You can lie down next to him and chat about the beginning of the day. The kid can stubbornly do homework: parents should calmly but seriously talk with the child about the strict observance of the regime, there should be no threats, no blackmail, no bribery. Adults should be confident in themselves and talk with the schoolboy always on a positive wave.

First-graders training, or Who is in charge of school

Parents should understand that they are at home, and at school - a teacher.

The characteristics of children of primary school age are that the opinion of an adult is very important for them. And if at school the teacher says one thing, but at home parents are exactly the opposite, this has a very negative effect on his education. He begins to not understand who is right and who to listen to.

If parents do not agree with the requirements of the teacher, then in no case can not discuss it in the presence of the child. Talk with the senior staff of the school, find a compromise with the class teacher, or rather just trust an experienced teacher who has many positive reviews. Before giving the child to school, talk with the parents of students who have previously studied with this teacher.

Features first-timers

Age features of children of primary school age, briefly listed below, will help orient parents:

- The opinion of the elders is important to the child, therefore the requirements of the teacher and parents should coincide.

- The first-year student, like a sponge, absorbs everything that happens around him, so be careful in your statements. Walked on the seller's IQ from that store? Tomorrow he will say the same about his classmate.

- The child started a new, adult, school life, in which everything changes with lightning speed, so always talk with the schoolboy, because if any problem starts to appear, it is easier to solve at the very beginning.

- Allow the child to choose extracurricular activities independently, do not enter the art school of a football player, this will not bring any positive results.

- Show on a personal example that to study great, read books together, watch scientific and educational programs, visit museums and exhibitions.

Let's consider features of children of younger school age. The table will help to visually show the day of a small schoolboy.

Occupation	night sleep	Daytime sleep	Lessons at school	Execution d / s	Walks
Time	9 hours	1 hour	4 hours	30 minutes	1 hour

Features of children with DZP

The peculiarities of children of primary school age with PEP are that functions such as memory, perception, thinking, speech, imagination, attention, etc., are either partially or completely violated. The child can not concentrate on the subject under study, or learning is simply not interesting for him, although he is not interested in it only because he does not get it, and he does not see the point of writing parallel sticks, because no matter how much he tries to write them, they all Equally not the same as in the sample.

Let's see what adults can do for a schoolboy who has a mental retardation. Features of primary school children, summarized below, will help parents attract the attention of the child:

- It is difficult for a schoolboy to concentrate on what is being said to him, therefore, explaining something, the mother can make up bright red lipstick lips and speak articulatory speech. As soon as the child is distracted, say: look at my mouth. Since it will be very prominent on the face, it is easier for the pupil to see and hear again.

- On the same principle, bright nails work when something needs to be shown. Tapping a finger on the area of the text displayed on the page, the adult will quickly draw attention (here you can also include a bright pointer).

- You must speak loudly, slowly and clearly.

- Switch adult's attention: tell in words, then draw it on a sheet of paper, then play the scene, then again explain everything again. Sometimes you will have to make 3-4 such a circle of explanations.

- If the child shakes his foot at the moment of explanation (gnawing a pencil, tearing paper into strips, etc.), do not stop, which is what helps him to concentrate on what is being explained to him, so this is their peculiarity.

Children with CPD have no visual impairment, musculoskeletal system, hearing. Usually there are no serious violations of speech and intellect. The age features of children of primary school age with IDPs are concluded in reduced working capacity and lack of motivation, which should be worked on by an adult.

Features of children with hearing impairment

Violations of the functions of hearing entail secondary deviations, in the first place speech development is delayed, which, in turn, reduces the amount of information received. Also, there are changes in coordination and difficulties in orienting in space. Features of children of primary school age with hearing impairment are reflected in the physical qualities of the child. Pathological hearing impairments change the vestibular apparatus, so in the training of such children, physical education and other motor activity are very important .

Age features of children of primary school age 7-9 years with hearing impairment are the slow and uneven development of objective activity. These children often do not cope with the tasks in which you need to use any additional subject, they perform them directly, without the help of this tool. Help the child understand the essence, show by example.

Hardly hearing children are given tasks that require analysis and generalization. They find it difficult to recognize their own emotions and it's even harder for them to describe them. Hence, problems such as anxiety, isolation and aggression follow.

Having taught a hearing-impaired child emotional stability, you can help him in interpersonal relationships and adaptation in society.

Podrasy. Primary school pedagogy

Both for primary school teachers and for first-graders' parents, the works of Ivan Pavlovich Podlasov, in which he talks about the upbringing, formation and teaching of children, will be of interest.

Age characteristics of children of primary school age Podlasyy sees in the socialization and adaptation of children to a new, adult, school life. For this, the teachers and parents need to communicate, their desire to pass on their experience to the children, to form an integral personality, capable of self-knowledge and self-improvement.

The development of the child depends both on the internal (the properties of the organism) and on the external (environment of the person) conditions. By creating a favorable external environment, you can help overcome internal instability. It is also necessary to take into account the age features of children of primary school age.

A table summarizing the theory of the pedagogy of Podlasov's elementary school:

Pedagogy	The science of education, upbringing and education
Subject of pedagogy	Development and formation of the student's integral personality
Functions of pedagogy	Formation of tasks and goals of education
The tasks of pedagogy	Synthesis and systematization of knowledge about education and training
Basic concepts	Education - the transfer of experience to the younger generation, the formation of moral values Training - the process of interaction between pupils and teachers, aimed at the development of schoolchildren Education - a system of ways of thinking, knowledge and skills, which the schoolchild has mastered in the learning process Development - changing the qualitative and quantitative processes of the student Formation - the process of the evolution of a child under the supervision of a teacher
The currents of pedagogy	Humanistic and authoritarian
Research Methods	Empirical and theoretical

It should be noted the main thing - love your children, praise them for every victory, help overcome difficulties, and then the cute kid will turn into an educated, educated and happy adult.