Adaptation of a first-grader in the conditions of GEF. Primary School

When a child becomes a first-grader, he ascends to a new stage of his development. First-graders are more independent, more diligent, they are able to concentrate their attention on the necessary things.

Coming to school, the baby gets into unfamiliar conditions for him with strangers. And for the learning process to be easy and interesting, the child must adapt to the new school conditions and the collective with whom he will learn.

Adaptation of a first-year student in the conditions of GEF pays special attention to the preservation of the health of students. According to the standard, in educational institutions the priority direction is allocated - preservation and strengthening of health of pupils.

Length of the school adaptation period

The length of the period of adaptation to the school depends on the personal qualities of the particular child. The average duration is from 8 weeks to 6 months. Throughout the period of adaptation, it is important to support close people so that the child does not lose faith in their strength.

The concept of "adaptation" includes social, psychological and physiological aspects.

The social aspect shows how comfortable the child feels in the team. Children attending the kindergarten adapt more easily to the staff, since it is in pre-school establishments that the first communication skills are acquired .

Psychological readiness consists of intellectual and motivational maturity. Motivation of the game must give way to motivation for learning.

Physiological aspect shows the readiness of the organism for the load.

Stages of physiological adaptation

Adaptation of the child to school affects his physical condition. In the adaptation period, the body reacts to new conditions with varying degrees of stress of internal resources.

There are three stages of adaptation:

1. The first 15-20 days of study all the resources of the body work to the maximum. This is due to a change in the life regime and the receipt of new duties.
2. After a heavy load, a slight decrease in tension occurs, the body begins to adjust to new conditions, tries to spare its resources.
3. At the final stage, there is a stable adaptation. The body decided on the load and chose the least costly way to respond. There is a stabilization of the nervous system.

The entire physiological period of adaptation of first-graders takes about 5-6 weeks. At this time, teachers and parents should not load the child once more and give the body the opportunity to calmly go through the adaptation period.

Psychological readiness for school

When a child becomes a first-grader, he increases the level of anxiety from unusual and new responsibilities. Psychological adaptation Is aimed at reducing the anxiety and ability of the baby to adequately assess their actions.

The GEF, in order to improve the adaptation period, suggests conducting diagnostic and corrective steps.

During the diagnostic stage, various conditions for the adaptation of first-graders are put, observations are conducted using special techniques that are aimed at identifying the emotional state in the school and psychological in the family in the child. A great role in the process of adaptation is played by family relationships. If the family has a quiet atmosphere, then the baby will be easier to adapt in the new environment.

If the student is hard at passing the adaptation period, then the corrective stage is carried out. For each individual, a methodology is developed to increase motivation, increasing the student's interest in learning.

The period of 6-7 years is associated with emotional changes in the baby. If the child receives low grades, hears constant criticism and discontent from his parents, then the level of his self-esteem will drop significantly, which will be reflected by the presence of complexes and a low degree of adaptation.

Self-assessment is an important indicator in the child's adaptation

In order for a child to quickly establish contact with other children, his self-esteem should be normal. Deviations of it in greater or lesser side will negatively affect the educational process and the relations in the team.

Therefore, the task of a psychologist is to help children form an adequate self-esteem. Adaptation of the first-grader in the conditions of GEF will be easier if the child at the younger school age forms objective self-esteem. To do this, the students conduct various tasks that contribute to the formation of adequate self-esteem.

To select the tasks of self-assessment control will help the methodology of adaptation of first-graders. It is developed on the basis of the Dembo-Rubinstein methodology. The result shows the development of the student's self-esteem in such areas as mood, emotional stability and the degree of adequacy.

Joint work of teachers and parents

For the early adaptation of the child to school, parents are also attracted. The first parent meeting is held at the school .

Adaptation of first-graders is the main issue that is being considered. They emphasize the need for help and support to the first-grader. The meetings are held not in the usual form, but in the form of special psychological and pedagogical seminars, on which they tell:

• How to help a child "enter" into the learning process.
• How should the day be properly organized?
• How to learn to be collected and attentive.
• What motivates the independence of doing homework.

Psychological adaptation requires an integrated approach: the joint work of the school team and parents will help children to start a new stage in their life.

The reasons for the disadaptation of first-graders

The difficulties of adapting first-graders are related to the mismatch of psychophysiological and social functions to the requirements of the training system. The child does not want to attend an educational institution, he does not have friends in the class, in this regard, the protective functions are reduced, frequent diseases appear.

There are three types of school disadaptation:

1. Nonobservance of the topic, the fragmentary assimilation of knowledge without a whole concept, which is expressed in chronic underachievement.
2. Violation of the emotional attitude towards teachers, subjects, perspectives associated with studies.
3. Violation of behavior, indiscipline.

The reasons that cause disadaptation of schoolchildren can be:

• Insufficient motivation for the learning process.
• Inability to behave independently, to make decisions.
• Non-acceptance of necessary standards of conduct.
• Communication with adults causes difficulties, which leads to a lack of understanding of the information set forth by the teacher.
• Low self-esteem, lack of self- confidence.
• Unavailability of the physiological processes of the body.

Adaptation of a first-grader in the conditions of GEF will be easier if his parents help him.

Recommendations for the adaptation of children in primary school

Teachers and psychologists make up such a plan of study that will help children faster and easier to adapt to school. The program should be designed taking into account the results of diagnosis in the learning process.

In order for the adaptation to be easy, it is necessary:

• The fastest way to introduce children to each other.
• Show the positive side of each student.
• Create a team with a friendly atmosphere.
• Teach children to help each other.
• To help students to realize themselves.
• In the first year, do not strongly criticize students, focus on positive qualities.
• There is no evaluation in the first grades, however, a control system should be developed to stimulate learning.

Adaptation of the first-year student in the conditions of the GEF occurs with the help of the classroom manager's institution of an individual portfolio, which reflects the main aspects of the child's study, as well as his spiritual and moral development and physical health.

Extra-hour activities are carried out, the purpose of which is to develop personal qualities, for example, in the sphere of patriotism based on family relations.

Adaptation period passed

Adaptation was successful if:

• The child is happy to attend school.
• He takes an active part in the life of the class.
• No problem with the assimilation of the school curriculum.
• Independently performs homework.
• There is self-control over your behavior.
• Calm, adequate response to temporary setbacks.
• Communication with teachers and peers causes only positive emotions.

Parents should not forget to monitor the health of the child under the influence of the training load. Positive health stability means the process of adaptation to the school is complete.

Conclusion

Becoming a child as a schoolboy is an important stage in his life. To this stage was smooth and painless, parents should listen to the recommendations of psychologists and teachers in the issue of adaptation to school life. And remember that the period of adaptation for each child is individual, but support, help and self-reliance will help the child to easily overcome the changes in his life and become a full-fledged schoolboy.