Irises: pests and diseases. Pest Control

Gardeners who do not take care and do not conduct disease prevention receive sick plants, low yields and contaminated soil as a result. If you spray sprinkles, flowers, bushes and trees every 2-3 weeks, then this will save the site from a big trouble - diseases and pests.

Diseases and pests of irises and their treatment is also a matter of properly conducted prevention or lack of it.

Bacteriosis

Despite the relative resistance to diseases, flowers irises, diseases and pests which are very dangerous due to the peculiarity of the reproduction of plants, can still become infected. The most serious and dangerous disease for these flowers is bacteriosis.

It is caused by bacteria Erwinia carotovora, which, settling in moist and nutrient-rich rhizomes, cause their decay.

Too often humidifying the soil, oversaturation organic, thickened planting, many old flowers endanger the irises. Pests and diseases manifest themselves when the site owner forgets the simple rules of care for these flowers - watering as needed, thinning and moderate use of organic substances.

Signs of bacteriosis:

• Rhizomes become soft;
• Roots turn into "porridge" with an unpleasant odor;
• The "fan" of leaves falls off.

Unfortunately, severely damaged irises, pests and diseases that caused irreparable damage, can not be treated. This is also true in the case of bacteriosis, which very rapidly spreads at temperatures from +13 to +17 degrees. Plants should be separated from still healthy rhizomes and burned.

It is important to remember that sick irises should in no case be used for composting, and in case of severe soil damage, it is recommended to transplant healthy flowers to a new place.

Treatment, prevention of bacteriosis

As soon as the snow comes down, you should check the irises. Protection from pests and diseases begins with ensuring the outflow of meltwater, if there is no natural inclination near the flower bed. In winter, as a prophylaxis of diseases, the wrapping of the roots of irises against freezing is used. Rhizomes, damaged by frost, are the first to be at risk of disease, and therefore must be destroyed.

In the event that the bacteriosis does not damage the root completely, only the areas affected by bacteria are cut out, and the places of the cuts are greased with greens or ash is rubbed into them. This work is carried out before flowering.

Also for preventive purposes, foliar spray should be sprayed with urea solution mixed with 12% sulfur. During the transplantation of young rhizomes, it is recommended to hold them in a solution of potassium permanganate for 15-20 minutes for disinfection.

Wet rot

Diseases and pests of irises and their control are complex issues. They concern not only the rhizome, but also the leaves. The presence of such a disease as wet rot, you can see when the leaves of the plant begin to burn and wither. In this case the roots of the iris become powdered from the inside, which is not noticeable from the outside.

Wet rot affects flowers and slows the development of not only irises, but also gladiolus, tulips and hyacinths. This bacterium appears in the soil from manure, by which it is fertilized. To prevent infection, before planting irises (pests and diseases are then bypassed) are treated in a solution of potassium permanganate for 30 minutes. It is enough to put half a teaspoon of the substance in 0.5 liters of water, lower the rhizome and etch it.

Fusarium

Dangerous for iris is also gray rot (fusariosis), from which both the roots and foliage of the plant suffer. At the same time, a gray coating appears on the leaves, which leads to their decay and death. Roots are affected by dry rot, which appears due to the increased nitrogen content, therefore, feeding the soil with mineral fertilizers, you should strictly adhere to the dosage.

Correctly chosen for the landing site will be a good disease prevention. And the pests of irises, and their treatment, will not become irreparable damage to the whole flower bed if flowers are planted either on a natural elevation or on a loose raised bed.

The area of soil infected with a fungus can become the culprit of contamination of all the land near the house, if you cut and transplant already diseased tubers of iris. The fungus remains in the soil and when favorable conditions appear (high humidity, a temperature of + 12-17 degrees), the surrounding plants become damaged.

The first sign of the disease is the appearance of a gray patch on the rhizome. The flesh under it becomes brown and friable, but inside the root turns black. For safety, irises (pests and diseases then recede) before planting must necessarily be treated with copper sulfate or bicarbonate soda with 5% strength.

Another simple method of prevention is the processing of gardening equipment before work.

Heterosporium

This is a fungal disease of the leaves. It is caused by fungi Heterosporium iridis and Mycosphaerella macrospora. Diseases and pests of bearded irises of this type are manifested, first of all, on old and tall leaves.

They appear gray-white spots with a yellow border, which, as the fungus grows, grab an ever larger leaf surface until it reaches the entire bush.

For prevention, sprinkle irises with fungicides and do not over-saturate the soil with phosphorus and potassium. Since the beginning of the disease, it is recommended to cut and burn sick leaves, and spraying once a week and after the rain.

Botritis and rust

Irises are often affected by fungal diseases. For example, botrys cause two fungi - Botrytis convoluta and Sclerotium rolfsii. They can develop with improper storage of rhizomes in conditions of high humidity and poor ventilation.

If such planting material is planted, then upon the onset of rains, fungi begin to multiply intensively, destroying the plant completely and affecting neighboring cultures.

For preventive maintenance it is necessary to store delenets in the right conditions and to pickle them with a solution of fungicides of a class of triazole.

Sheet Mosaic

Diseases and pests of irises and their treatment are not limited exclusively to fungal diseases. Plants are also susceptible to viruses. The mosaic of leaves is well known to the flower growers, when they become yellow-green and quickly dry out.

Damaged foliage should immediately be cut off and burned, and the bush itself should be sprayed with 0.2% solution of copper chloride and Ridomil Gold.

In time to notice the disease of flowers, you should carefully look at the color of their flowers. If they become spotted or as if melted, and light flowers - dirty-matte, then the plant is stricken with a virus.

For prevention, you must disinfect the inventory every time before conducting garden work, spray the area with fungicides and clean it of weeds.

Thrips, nematodes and beetle-bronzovik

Many irises, diseases and pests (photo confirmation), which most often affect the roots, suffer from small insects - thrips, which settle in the axils of the leaves. They feed on the cellular sap of plants, causing their deformation. Most thrips like Siberian and Japanese varieties of irises, but they do not disdain and "bearded" species.

As these sucking insects "conquer" the plant, its leaves become brown and dry out, and the roots are covered with brown spots.

Trips can be saved by spraying with a carbofos emulsion (10%), based on 10 liters of water, 75-90 grams of emulsion. Spraying should be done once a week.

Nematodes are small translucent worms, which are not afraid of frost. They settle in the base and buds of plants and with the onset of heat are activated. They have a "style" -sheat they pierce the epidermis of the leaf and feed on its cellular juice. At the puncture site, the leaf becomes brown and dies.

Nematodes are often handed over to garden implements, with weeds and rainwater. Systematic weeding of weeds treated with a 10% formalin solution with stock and steaming the soil before planting will help avoid infection.

Large green beetles, reaching a length of 2 cm, are called in the people bronzovkami. They are activated from the end of May and fly in the gardens in search of pollen, not disdaining also the delicate flowers of irises. Diseases and pests of irises and their treatment are what the florist needs to have special knowledge about. With the invasion of bronzes, the treatment of flowers begins with spraying the plants with "Kinmixom" at a rate of 2.5 g per 1 liter of water.

If there are not too many beetles, they can be collected manually, and flowers for prevention can be sprinkled with a solution of ash.

Aphids and slugs

During the blossoming period, many insects that do not bypass the irises are activated. Pests and diseases when blooming plants destroy not only the roots and leaves, but flowers. For example, aphids accumulate in buds and "sucks" life from plants, feeding on their juices.

Since the aphid quickly reproduces, the plant in a short time can completely die. To prevent this from happening, spray the damaged colors with a 0.3% emulsion of carbofos or 15% with the composition of phosphamide.

If there are no chemicals at hand, a solution of soda ash (0.5%) with the addition of soap will work. Another way to protect plants from aphids is regular weeding.

Slugs live in the lower tier of leaves and in the upper layers of the soil. In the afternoon they hide, creeping out for feeding at night. They eat leaves, and in the rhizomes eat whole cavities. Intensively multiply during periods of rain at a temperature of + 18-20 degrees.

In the form of prevention, it is possible to conduct a deep digging of the earth and destruction of the last year's leaves. From slugs it is possible to get rid of a folk remedy - a decoction of bitter pepper to sprinkle flowers and closely growing trees.

The earth is treated with ash or a mixture of lime with tobacco dust. Also, many gardeners put traps for slugs - dug into the ground bowls of water. When they get into the dishes to get drunk, they can no longer get out. It remains to destroy them and pour fresh water.

Scoops and medevki

Caterpillars butterfly shovels destroy irises from the inside, gnawing through whole labyrinths in the stalk of the plant. Most of all they like moistened areas, so draining the soil is a preventive method. It is also recommended to loosen the soil in the aisle and destroy the weeds, especially during the laying of eggs.

The Bordeaux fluid, which is made from a mixture of copper sulfate and lime milk, has a good effect on diseases and pests of irises. Use it until the flowers bloom.

If the moment was missed and caterpillars appeared, they are recommended to spray them with the broth of Lobel's hobgoblins.

The wolves have powerful jaws, which they gnaw through roots and stems. Irises (diseases and pests, photos confirm this, in most cases less dangerous than this insect) perish if under them a colony of bears settles.

You can destroy them using baits. For this, 1 kg of grain is cooked, 30 g of oil and 50 g of carbophos are added thereto and mixed well. It is enough to dig this mixture 5 cm into the ground or poke it into their burrows.

Wireworms

Wireworms are called larvae of the click beetle, which live in the root zone of flowers. Irises, diseases and pests, whose treatment and prevention often depend on the quality of digging and loosening of the soil, can avoid many problems with "health" if the gardener makes enough effort. To get rid of the wireworm, it is recommended to add anhydrous ammonia to the soil and regularly weed out the weeds.