Yakov Yurovsky: biography, photo, descendants, where he is buried

Yakov Yurovsky, whose biography will be the topic of our today's article, was a Russian revolutionary, a Soviet state and party figure, a Chekist. He directly supervised the execution of Nicholas II, the last Russian emperor, and his family.

early years

Yakov Mikhailovich Yurovsky (his real name and patronymic was Yankel Khaimovich) was born on June 7 (19), 1878, in the city of Kainsk, Tomsk Province (Kuibyshev since 1935). He was the eighth of ten children and grew up in a large Jewish working-class family.

Her mother was a seamstress, her father a glazier. Yakov studied in an elementary school in a river district, and from 1890 began to learn craft. Then he worked as an apprentice in Tomsk, Tobolsk, Feodosia, Ekaterinodar, Batumi.

The beginning of revolutionary activity

To revolutionary activity, Yakov Yurovsky (photo below) joined Tomsk in 1905. There are some indirect data that he first took part in the military organizations of the Bund, and then, following the example of his close friend, Sverdlov joined the Bolsheviks.

Yurovsky spread Marxist literature, and when the underground printing press failed, he was forced to leave Russia and settled in Berlin, where he moved to Lutheran with the whole family (three children and his wife Maria Yakovlevna).

Homecoming

In 1912, Yakov illegally returned to Russia, but he was tracked down and arrested by agents of the security department. Yurovsky for "harmful activities" was expelled from Tomsk, but he was allowed to choose the place of residence. So he found himself in Yekaterinburg.

In the Urals city, Yakov Yurovsky opened a watch and photo shop, and, as he himself describes it, the gendarmerie quibble to him, forcing photographs of prisoners and suspicious persons. Nevertheless, at the same time his workshop was a laboratory for the production of passports for the Bolsheviks.

Yurovsky in 1916 was called to serve as a paramedic in a local hospital. So he became an active agitator in the soldier's mass. After the February Revolution, Yakov sold a photo shop and organized for the money he received a Bolshevik printing press entitled "The Urals Worker." Yurovsky became a prominent Bolshevik, a member of the Soviet of soldiers' deputies and workers, one of the leaders of the revolution in the Urals.

The execution of the royal family

In the history of Yakov Yurovsky entered as a leader and one of the main participants in the execution of the verdict on the execution of Tsar Nicholas II and his family. In July 1918, he was appointed commandant of the Ipatiev House, and he, on the decision of the Ural Council, on the night of July 16 to July 17 directly led the execution of the execution of the royal family.

There is a version that Yakov Yurovsky made a special document for the execution of execution, including a list of executioners. However, the results of historical research show that such a document, provided in due time by an Austrian, former prisoner of war IP Meyer and published in 1984 by E. Ye. Alferev in the United States of America, is most likely fabricated and does not reflect the present list of participants in the execution.

Subsequent years of life

When the whites entered Yekaterinburg on July 25, 1918, Yakov Yurovsky moved to Moscow and became a member of the Moscow Cheka, as well as the head of the district Cheka. After returning to Yekaterinburg, the Bolsheviks appointed him chairman of the Ural GubChK. Yurovsky settled almost in front of the house of execution - in the rich mansion of Agushevich. In 1921 he was sent to head the gold department in Gokhran with the aim of "bringing the valuables stored there into a liquid state".

Then Yakov worked in the foreign exchange department of the People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs, where he was the chairman of the trade department, and in 1923 he took the post of deputy director of the Krasny Bogatyr factory. Since 1928, Yurovsky worked as a director of the Moscow Polytechnic Museum. He died in 1938 from perforation of the duodenal ulcer (according to the official version).

Yakov Yurovsky: descendants

Yurovsky had a large family. With the wife, they gave birth to three children: the daughter of Rimma (1898), the sons of Alexander (1904) and Eugene (1909). We lived comfortably and kept the servants. In the upbringing of the offspring, the head of the family, constantly engaged in the service, did not participate in particular, but in the case of which he punished severely. All the heirs received higher education.

Jacob was very fond of his daughter - an excellent pupil, a black-haired beauty. She gave him the grandson of Anatoly. But, apparently, indeed, the descendants have to pay for the sins of their fathers. All the grandchildren of Yurovsky died in a fateful coincidence (one was burnt in a fire, another was poisoned with mushrooms, a third hanged himself, another fell from the roof of the barn), and the girls died in infancy in general. Tolya's grandson, adored by his grandfather, died right behind the wheel of the car.

Misfortune overtook Rimma. Her, a large Komsomol activist, was arrested in 1935 and sent to the Karaganda camp for political prisoners. She served there until 1946. She died in 1980.

Son Alexander was a Rear Admiral of the Navy. In 1952, he was repressed, but soon after Stalin died, they released him. He died in 1986.

The younger son was a political worker in the Navy, a lieutenant colonel. He died in 1977.

Where Yakov Yurovsky is buried

It is in vain to search for the burial place of the odious "hero of the revolution" in popular metropolitan pogosts - Vagankovsky, Novodevichye ... For a long time it was not known where the grave of Yakov Yurovsky is. As it turned out, his body was cremated and carefully concealed the urn with ashes from outside eyes in a special cemetery district - in a special columbarium in the New Don Cemetery in the historic district of Moscow.

There is information that this isolated mausoleum-columbarium was organized thanks to the assertiveness of Paul Dauge - a prominent party member and the first creator of ORRIC. Equipped place "VIP-burial" in the former building of the church. In Stalin's dashing times here were placed urns with the ashes of well-deserved persons who managed to somehow avoid full repression and died their own death.

Many cells are now "nameless", since the windows that have been stuck into the wall are misted up from inside and covered with a cloudy coating that does not allow to see anything.

In the depth of the structure in the niche there are two urns draped with red-black mourning ribbons so that no inscriptions are visible. This is the ashes of Yurovsky and his wife. Around the urns - several artificial flowers with a faded cloth - the neglect is visible in all, it is noticeable that the burial has not been renewed for a long time.

It is said that the fire erases all traces. But for the regicide, whose remains were in the special columbarium, this law did not work: his trail was not lost anywhere. At one time Yurovsky did everything to hide the corpses of the imperial family forever, but his own grave eventually turned out to be carefully hidden from people. The former hero-commissar now forever turned into an outcast.