Who is False Dmitry 2? What was in reality the reign of False Dmitry?

For sure, many people still remember the phrase "Tushinsky thief" from school days. The fact that this nickname meant False Dmitry 2, the majority learned from the lessons of national history.

Biography of the impostor

Until now, neither the real name nor the origin of this mysterious person is known. There are only extremely cautious and almost groundless assumptions about who in reality was False Dmitri 2. The biography of the impostor is a "white spot". According to one of the versions he was the son of a priest. Another source tells us that False Dmitriy 2 had Jewish roots going into a seedy province, but there is no reliable information. Speaking of such a person as Lzhedmitry 2 briefly, we can state with certainty: the adventurism that is inherent in any Russian person, as well as the exposure to other people's influence played a destructive role in his fate.

An impostor appeared in the summer of 1607 in Starodub. All his short life took place in local skirmishes and wars. The strategy of False Dmitry 2 was based on the version that his predecessor survived after the uprising in Moscow. Despite the cunning, he was less fortunate. The Board of Falsdmitry 2 never took place, as he did not manage to get to the capital in order to be crowned. His main hope was for the troops of Ivan Bolotnikov. The impostor believed that they would help capture Moscow, but Bolotnikov could not provide much help.

Policy

In the treasury of the victories of False Dmitry 2 there were only local short-term triumphs. It is surprising that he even managed to put even small forces under his banner. He started his way up the stairs to the goal with a campaign to the Belarusian cities - Propoysk and Starodub. Having shown courage, the impostor introduced himself as Dimitry Ioannovich. In a short period of time, he managed to win the trust of a large number of people and gather in his entourage soldiers from the Polish gentry, the treasury, and rebels Ivan Bolotnikov. Under the leadership of this dubious subject, the resulting group moved to Bryansk, and then to Tula. The first triumphs inspired the army. During the siege of the capital, half of the local nobility turned to False Dmitry, who claimed the Russian throne. Having defeated Vasily Shuisky, the impostor was defeated near Khimki on Presnya. Nevertheless, he managed to organize a camp in the Moscow region of Tushino. Here, the local Boyar Duma was formed, its regulations and orders began to operate. False Dmitriy 2 controlled the territories to the north of Moscow, he conquered such large cities as Vladimir, Yaroslavl, Vologda, Suzdal, Rostov. After the capture of the latter, the detachments were brought to Tushino by the captive Metropolitan Filaret Romanov, where he was proclaimed a patriarch. Significant support was provided by popular unrest, reinforced by discontent with the power of the boyars and Vasily Shuisky.

Strengthening the position

Meanwhile, in July 1608, Marina Mnishek, who was the official widow of False Dmitry, arrived in Tushino in pursuit of power and easy money. Under the terms of the agreement with the Poles, she was released to freedom. Taking advantage of the case, in the "Tushino thief" a woman recognized her husband, who allegedly miraculously escaped. Of course, this fact once again confirmed the false status of the pretender in the eyes of others. Subsequently, the couple secretly married, and they had a son.

The power of the Polish interventionists

The regime of anarchy was finally established in the country. In the Tushino court, the Poles shared and dominated. It was in their hands was the management, they corrected the actions of their puppet: the policy of False Dmitry 2 was completely under the control of the Poles. Using this, the Poles willingly plundered and ravaged ordinary peasants. Infinite bandit raids began to break into the armed responses of townspeople and peasants.

In the period from September 1608 to January 1610, the detachments of Poland and Lithuania kept the monastery in siege to the Trinity-Sergius Monastery. Despite the difficult situation, the defenders of the monastery managed to repel all enemy attacks and defend the shrine.

Polish interventionists in 1609 attempted to capture Smolensk, but it did not succeed. Also failed to put on the Russian throne of his prince - Vladislav.

Inglourious end

Thanks to the efforts of a remarkable military commander and an excellent strategist, Skopina-Shuisky MV Plans Falsdmitry 2 were upset. In 1609 the Tushino camp finally disintegrated. The assembled rabble did not want to obey anyone, everyone just wanted easy money. False Dmitry 2 did not find any other way out, like to flee to Kaluga. But even there he did not find salvation: death was found by an impostor in the Kaluga region, where he was shot by his own servicemen - Urusov P.

Meanwhile, the fate of Ivan Bolotnikov, who supported False Dmitriy 2, was no less sad. He was first blinded, and then killed by the blow of a club on the head. The swampy body of Bolotnikov was dropped into an ice hole.

Chronology

Thus, if we analyze briefly the path that was passed by False Dmitri 2, we can distinguish several main stages:

-1607 - the appearance of an impostor who introduced himself as the surviving Falsdmitry 1;

- 1608 - formation of own army from the remnants of troops of different stripes;

- May 11, 1608 - the defeat of government troops under the leadership of Shuisky, the formation of the Tushino camp, the seizure of new lands;

-1609 - the appearance of discord in the camp, the weakening of the position of False Dimitry;

-1610 - the dissolution of the Tushino camp, the flight of False Dmitriy 2 to Kaluga;

-11 December 1610 - the murder of an impostor betrayed him Peter Urusov.

The location of the remains of Falsdmitry 2 is not known, but there is an opinion that they are in one of the Kaluga churches.