When Moscow became the capital of Russia and why? In what year did Moscow become the capital of Russia again?

Golden-domed Moscow, the capital of the Russian Federation is one of the largest and most beautiful cities in our country. Although the city is relatively young, it has a rich history.

Who built Moscow

The founder of Moscow is Yuri Dolgoruky, the sixth son of Vladimir Monomakh and the daughter of the English King Harold. It was the Grand Duke who built the wooden walls of the Kremlin. In fact, Dolgoruky not so often came to the city he built, in the annals there are rare references to his visits. The Kievites disliked the prince and after his death in Suzdal Zalesye plundered his possessions and became a real misfortune for the local residents, who in turn respected the Grand Duke. According to the annals, Yuri was tall, full, with small eyes and a large nose "long and crooked" on his white face, a beard grew. In the biography of the prince it is said that he was a great hunter before women, he liked to eat and drink deliciously, and generally thought more of fun and feasts than about reprisals and wars. Because the latter he could trust the nobles, his proximity and confidants. It is also known that Yuri was repeatedly married: first to the daughter of the Polovtsian khan, and then to the daughter of the Byzantine emperor.

The reasons for the rise of Moscow in Ancient Rus. Geography. Attempts to keep pace with Europe

There are various hypotheses about the reasons for the centralization of Russian lands and the rise of Moscow. Klyuchevsky believed that the role of the Moscow Principality increased due to its favorable geographical position. When Moscow became the capital of Russia, its advantages were remote from the Golden Horde, and the Moscow River became a link with the main trade routes of that time. The new capital occupied an advantageous position, which was strategically better than that of Tver, Uglich or Nizhny Novgorod. She accumulated fighting skills and traditions of the culture of Russia, mixing them with European ones. When we discuss why Moscow became the capital of Russia, the influence of Europe is not the last place in this issue. Despite the socio-economic differences, similar processes took place in our country and abroad: cities developed and the influence of the third estate grew stronger. Europe and Russia played a mutually active role in each other's political life. It is difficult to say exactly when Moscow became the capital of Russia, but it happened in the 14th century. In the status of the capital, Moscow held out until the reign of Peter I.

Major fires in the history of Moscow

Many events have occurred since Moscow became the capital of Russia. The city was repeatedly captured by destructive fire. Information about the largest of them was preserved many centuries later. In 1365, from the very spring there was a drought. The rivers became shallow, there was an insignificant amount of precipitation. In such a dry period, a fire can happen very easily. A wooden church broke out from one of the lamps. Strong wind blew fire, which reached the wooden walls of the Kremlin, thereby Muscovites lost safe shelter from destructive raids. Far from always fires took place according to the will of nature. When Moscow became the capital of Russia, it attracted the attention of enemies. So the city was set on fire by the Lithuanian prince Olgerd, Khan Tokhtamysh, the Ryazan prince Gleb and many others, it was the military arson that particularly disastrously affected the capital. Recalling major fires, one can not ignore the fire in the midst of the war of 1812, when Napoleon and his troops settled in the city. The flames swept through the whole city. People, out of a sense of duty, set fire to Moscow, so that the city would not be left to the enemy.

Moscow was not built in a day

If you try to imagine how many times the Kremlin changed its appearance, it is enough to remember in what century Moscow became the capital of Russia. Originally the city was wooden and remained so until the reign of Dmitry Donskoy, who decided to replace the oak walls of the Kremlin with white stone, from the same white stone the towers were rebuilt. The reason for such a serious change was the fires that often covered the city, but this did not add strength to the walls of the Kremlin, because the white stone was deteriorating pretty quickly, and soon the structures "floated". In 1485, together with Italian architects, the Kremlin was built from burned bricks, this reconstruction took decades. It was during this period that the Kremlin increased its area and took the shape of an irregular triangle. Buildings inside also underwent a number of changes. Something was reconstructed and reconstructed from another material, something was ruthlessly demolished, something was built and sealed as a symbol of this or that era. During the reign of Peter the Great, the Moscow Kremlin lost its former importance, so it did not affect the changes for a long time.

Moscow of the times of the USSR

When Moscow became the capital of Russia again, it was already 1918. The government moved to this city during the Great Russian Revolution because of the threat of a German attack on St. Petersburg. It was planned to postpone the capital only for a while, so that the number of people in Petrograd declined. Some were against this, considering such actions as desertion and a manifestation of cowardice, rather than caution and foresight. The transfer of the capital was accompanied by a split within the Bolshevik party, the leaders disagreed, but an acute discussion, which did not lead to anything, ended thanks to the cunning and enterprisingness of Lenin. When Moscow became the capital of Russia, the government's relocation began, but there were still many dissatisfied with this decision, so the Latvian arrows were sent to the defense. Under the Malaya Vishera train in which Lenin was, collided with a train of armed deserters, the number of the latter exceeded the number of riflemen. But the Latvians managed to disarm the enemy and block the train. After the incident, for the purpose of secrecy, information was spread that the government was moving to Nizhny Novgorod rather than to Moscow.

Modern Moscow

At the moment, Moscow is the capital of the Russian Federation. It is in this city that the centers of political and economic spheres are concentrated. Since when Moscow became the capital of Russia again, its role has visibly increased. The city can be called the mind and heart of our country. Modern Moscow - a large metropolis of twelve agglomerations, the capital is one of the ten largest cities in the world. The economy of Moscow is closely connected with the world economy, the capital is stepping in step with developed countries, it is in this city that international embassies of different countries have found a place, most of all Russian banks are concentrated here. If you recall, under what emperor Moscow became the capital of Russia, one can imagine the value of its culture and history, what buildings can be found, how attractive the city is for tourists from all over the world. Moscow represents the strength and power of our country, it is respected by other states.

Moscow orthodox

The modern capital was considered a religious center since ancient times. Metropolitan Peter moved his residence from Vladimir to Moscow, which became the center of Orthodoxy. If you remember, in what year Moscow became the capital of Russia, then one can understand the role played by faith in those times. Such a status was important for the capital, it raised its authority in the eyes of the population. Someone calls Moscow the Third Rome. In this city you can find many churches and cathedrals. A certain symbol of the capital of Russia is the Cathedral of St. Basil the Blessed (up to the seventeenth century known as Troitsky), located on Red Square in the city center. It is an association of nine churches, dedicated to the holidays, which coincided with the days of decisive battles for Kazan. Tourists from many countries come to see the object from the list of the UNESCO World Heritage Site in Russia, built in the times of Ivan the Terrible. Restorations changed the appearance of the cathedral many times, because he became a victim of fires in wooden Moscow, but he did not lose his importance and status.

Moscow of the Future

The city does not stand still and continues to develop. At the moment, there are many projects, prospects are known. If you think about the year in which Moscow became the capital of Russia, it's enough just to look around. The capital is built up by new, modern buildings, but at the same time the historical appearance of the city is preserved. Projects for construction are developed not only by our compatriots, but also by the Irish, the British and the Swedes, that is, the Europeans are involved in the development of the city. There are plans not only to increase the territory, but now there are five main projects, which mainly affect the improvement of the terrain, the expansion of leisure opportunities. The changes will affect the Moscow River. The plans to involve the territory of embankments under entertainment complexes, to arrange a separate area with limited traffic there, to create the largest area - "ecological islands", which would help make the water cleaner. Also, architects propose to enter a holiday dedicated to the river. This is just one of the projects, but he also impresses with the scope of the plans and makes us believe that in just thirty years Moscow will change its face and truly become the city of the future.