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The Aztec tribe. Aztec civilization: culture, legends

The Incas, the Aztecs and the Mayans are mysterious tribes that have disappeared from the face of the earth. Until now, scientific excavations and all kinds of research are being conducted to study their life and the causes of their disappearance. In this article we will tell about one interesting tribe. The Aztecs lived in the XIV century on the territory that now belongs to Mexico City.

Where did they come from?

The number of this Indian people was about 1.3 million people. The birthplace of the Aztecs, according to legend, was the island of Astlan (translated "the land of herons"). Initially, members of this tribe were hunters, but then, settling on the ground, began to engage in agricultural and artisanal work, although it was a fairly warlike tribe. Aztecs, in order to begin to lead a sedentary lifestyle, for quite some time looking for suitable land. They acted not at random, but in accordance with the instructions of their god Huitzilopochtli. In his opinion, the Aztecs had to see an eagle sitting on a cactus and devouring the earth.

This happened

Despite all the strangeness of this sign, after 165 years of wandering through the Mexican land, the Aztecs still managed to meet this mysterious bird with unusual behavior. At the place where it happened, and the tribe began to settle down. The Aztecs named their first settlement Tenochtitlan (translated as "fruit tree growing out of stone"). Another name for these lands is Mexico City. It is interesting that the Aztec civilization was created by several tribes. Scientists believe that at least seven tribes spoke in related languages, the most common of which was Nahuatl. Now more than 1 million people speak it and the same dialects.

Bottoms and tops

Can the Aztec civilization exemplify the modern organization of society? The fighters for equality would certainly not like the Aztec division into aristocrats and plebeians. And the members of the higher society had all the best. They lived in luxurious palaces, wore magnificent clothes, ate delicious food, had many privileges, held high posts. The plebeians worked on the ground, traded, hunted, fished and lived poorly in special quarters. But after death, all received equal chances to get into the underworld, the abode of the goddess of death Miktlan, or go to a better world. Since the soldiers in the world of the Aztecs enjoyed special respect, the dead on the battlefield could be accompanied by the sun from sunrise to zenith, as well as those who were sacrificed. The honor of accompanying the sun from the zenith to the sunset was given to women who died in childbirth. "Lucky" can be considered and those who were killed by lightning or drowned. They fell into a heavenly place, where the god of the rain of Tlalokan dwelt.

Fathers and Sons

The tribe mentioned in this article paid great attention to the education of children. Up to 1 year they were brought up at home, and after that they had to attend special schools. And both boys and girls, although the latter, most often married, sat at home and watched the household and children. Commoners were trained in craft skills, military affairs. Aristocrats studied history, astronomy, social studies, rituals, government. The children of members of high society were not Belorussians. They worked in public works, cleaned in churches, participated in rituals. Starikov expected honor, respect and various privileges.

The culture of the Aztecs

It's not for nothing that this lost civilization attracts attention in our days. The Aztecs were excellent masters of their craft, so buildings, sculptures, stone and clay products, fabrics, jewelry were of high quality. Especially distinguished the Aztecs ability to make a variety of products from the bright feathers of tropical birds. Aztec mosaics and ornaments are also famous. Aristocrats were fond of literature. Many of them could put down a poem or write an oral piece. To our days, legends, legends, poems, descriptions of the rites of this people have come down. Paper for books was made of bark. The calendars created by this tribe are also interesting. The Aztecs used a solar and ritual calendar. In accordance with the solar calendar, agricultural work and religious work were carried out. It consisted of 365 days. The second calendar, which includes 260 days, served for predictions. The fate of man was judged by the day he was born. Until now, many treasure seekers dream of finding the gold of the Aztecs. And they were very rich in their time. This is evidenced by the stories of the Spanish conquerors. They say that the rich Aztecs, especially in the capital Tenochtitlan, ate and slept on gold. Their gods were set up with golden thrones, at the foot of which also lay golden ingots.

The Religion of the Aztecs

People from this tribe believed that there are several gods who control the forces of nature and the destinies of people. They had gods of water, maize, rain, sun, war and many others. The Aztecs built huge, richly decorated temples. The largest was dedicated to the main deity Tenochtitlan and was a height of 46 meters. In the churches, rituals were performed, as well as sacrifices. The Aztecs also had an idea of the soul. They believed that its place of habitation in man is the heart and blood vessels. Beating pulse was taken for its manifestation. According to the Aztecs, the soul was invested in the human body by the gods even while he was in the womb of his mother. They also believed that the soul possessed objects and animals. The Aztecs imagined that there was a special relationship between them, allowing them to interact at an intangible level. Also, the Aztecs thought that every person has a magic double. His death led to the death of man. As a victim, the Aztecs offered their own blood to their idols. For this purpose, a rite of bloodletting was performed. In general, the Aztecs brought human casualties in huge quantities. A well-known fact that during the illumination of the Great Temple, 2000 people were sacrificed. The Aztecs thought about the end of the world and believed that a large amount of blood could appease the gods and maintain a world balance.

The civilization of the Aztecs died because of the greed of the Spaniards. It happened in the beginning of the XVI century, but still the imagination stirs the story of the life of a tribe that disappeared from the face of the earth. Whether gold of Aztecs brings happiness, everyone will solve independently.

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