Why Ukraine was called Ukraine? History of Ukraine

Why Ukraine was called Ukraine? The name of such a country was first heard in the last quarter of the twelfth century. The first time it was remembered in the historical opus of the "Tale of Bygone Years", where the author narrates the death of Prince Vladimir Glebovich of Pereyaslav in 1187. It says: "All the Pereyaslavl people were crying for him ... Behind him, and Ukraine heavily tuzhila." In this work, the notion of "Ukraine", the history of the name and development of the country is revealed. And two years later, in 118, it was said about Prince Rostislav, who visited "to Galicia in Ukraine."

Question about Ukraine

Why Ukraine was called Ukraine? This question has long been of interest to scientists, but there is no definitive answer to it today. Some researchers explained the origin of the word "edge" - a part of the territory very remote from the center, an outskirts, near the edge - a border area. In other words - the edge, the edge in the designation of the native land, the country close to the spirit, the native land. Origin of the name Ukraine has different roots.

Here is another view - Ukraine, like, comes from the word "steal" (cut off). In other words, the meaning of the word Ukraine as the name of the state is a piece of land that was stolen (cut off) from the whole, which soon became an integral (free country).

There are different versions. The origin of the name Ukraine is associated with sayings: the edge, the edge (country). Although there is no visible connection. When did the name Ukraine appear? There are different thoughts. As scientists studied the origin of the name, scientists are not known, but the process of the origin of the concept of "Ukraine" was long and had several stages.

Edge, not the edge

The word "edge" in meaning "a piece, a piece of land" has known since the days of the Old Slavonic language. And today this word exists in many Slavic languages, because the Slavic tribes always had lands that were separated by natural boundaries - a river, a forest, a swamp. Therefore, this word also had meaning - the extreme part of the territory, the beginning or the termination of the tribal land.

Where did the name Ukraine come from is very interesting. In the Old Slavonic period, the word kraina (country) was born in the meaning - the territory that belongs to the tribe. Next to the word "edge" in the Old Slavonic language there was the word "steal", which meant - a piece from a piece, a remote piece of land, an extreme boundary of a remote part of the tribal territory.

Krajina

And yet why Ukraine was called Ukraine? The question is very interesting. Already later among the Eastern Slavs from the saying "steal" through the suffix -in appeared the word Ukraine, which had a meaning - a distant piece of land, a distant tribal territory. In the 6th-8th century, during the time of Rus' power, the filling of the words "edge" and Ukraine changed. And yet why Ukraine was called Ukraine? The word "krayina" in meaning - the land of the tribe, soon it became known - the land of the feudal principality, and then - the land of Russia. Therefore, the designation of the word Ukraine itself has changed: in place of the initial - a remote part of the land of the tribe, it has become important - the adjacent part of the land of the feudal principality, and only then - part of the land of Rus.

Of the Principality

During the feudal Kievan Rus, when the princedoms began to be disengaged from it, the word "Ukraine" became the meaning of "principality". Let's consider still, where the name Ukraine came from. Scientists differently perceived the word Ukraine: as borderland with the Kiev land territory of Pereyaslavl land, called Ukraine because it bordered Polovtsian land; Like Rus in the style of separately existing principalities; As the whole Kievan Rus. But, most likely, the chronicler called Ukraine only Pereyaslavl land. Only not because she stood on the border with the Polovtsian steppe, but because she was a separate principality, a separate country (the border).

Ukraine is a country

The name of the country Ukraine, namely the country, appeared in due time. And then, except for Pereyaslavl Ukraine, there were different Ukraine in terms of existing principalities and other independent Ukraine. Ukraine here in the meaning of the country - Pereyaslavl country, Kiev country and so on.

This is known from the annals, where it is said that "Prince Rostislav went to Galicia Ukraine and from there went to Galich." The fact that the word "ukraine" meant a separate country, a separate principality, is very clearly visible from the descriptions of those times.

The history of Ukraine says that along with the word "ukraine" there lived the word "suburb" - the border part of the tribal land. These words did not mean the same thing, but differed in meaning: "ukraine" (the name of the state) is a small part of the tribal land, the "outskirts" are the borderland of the tribe, and only then of the feudal principality.

Lithuania and Poland

Starting from the middle of the 14th century, many princedoms of Kievan Rus, from which the Ukrainian people later formed, fell under the possession of Lithuania and Poland. Since then, the name Ukraine has been applied to the territories that fell under this power. Below Lithuania were the Chernigov, Kiev, Pereyaslav and the greater part of the Volyn principality, and was called all Lithuanian Ukraine, and Poland was hit by Galicia, part of Volyn and called the land by Polish Ukraine.

With the advent of the Cossacks, the Dnieper lands began to be called Cossack Ukraine. The history of Ukraine recalls this in songs - "oh on the mountains, on the valleys, on the Cossack Ukraine ..."

Khmelnytskyi

During the military actions of the Ukrainians against the Poles under the leadership of Bogdan Khmelnitsky (1648-1654 gg.) Ukraine was called not only Zaporozhye land, but all Pridneprovsky. Most likely, since this moment Ukraine began to be called the entire country. Then this name spread to the East Slavic lands, as well as to Slobozhanshchyna, which for a short time was called Slobodskaya Ukraine. And the western lands for a long time were called Rus, but soon the name Ukraine became native to the inhabitants of the entire ethnic state of the Ukrainians.

History of the word

Ukraine - where does this name come from? The original geographical concept Ukraine eventually became a national idea that united such lands as Polissya, Sivershchina, Slobozhanshchina, Donbass, Black Sea, Volhynia, Podillia, Bukovina, Prykarpattya and Transcarpathia.

Therefore, for Ukrainians, it was very important that the word "ukraine" signify the name of the country created by Bogdan Khmelnitsky. Undoubtedly, there was no question of any outskirts of the Russian Empire. If the outskirts, then, rather, the outskirts of the Slavic tribes. After all, the eastern Slavs occupied just the extreme lands of the Slavs. Hence, if we consider the outskirts of Ukraine, then the outskirts of the Slavic nation.

History

History ... We can hear this word every day, but do not think about its meaningfulness at all. As a result of the fact that Ukraine gained independence, the Ukrainians began to take an interest in the history of their people. After all, only knowledge of the past will provide an opportunity to understand the present and build a bright future. An important role in the knowledge of their history is played by memorized memos. And to preserve the historical memory of the people for future generations and to study it are called museums.

The history of Ukraine and the people that inhabits this territory is rooted in the distant past. The first person's parking was seen on the territory of independent Ukraine many hundreds of thousands of years ago, in the era of the Early Paleolithic. Man conquered from nature these territories and the natural resources of the bowels. From primitive forms of gathering, hunting and fishing, he moved to farming and cattle breeding. A very important trace in the uneasy history of Ukraine was left by representatives of Trypillian culture in the 4th-3rd century BC. Tripol'tsy were the most civilized representatives of the human race in the Neolithic era. They mainly engaged in agriculture, pottery, construction. As a result of the expansion of nomads and the cooling climate, this culture gradually disappeared. After that, the Ukrainian territories were inhabited by Sarmatians, Kemerites, and Scythians. A very great influence on the peoples who inhabited the vast expanses of Ukraine, had Greek nationalities.

East Slavs

The roots of the Eastern Slavs have not been particularly studied to date. The pre-Slavic period is associated with the emergence on the right-bank forest-steppe Dnieper region of the Zarubinets culture, which is a joint for all Slavs. For the first time the Slavs are remembered in the works of Tacitus, Ptolemy called "Venedi". They lived in the Baltic Sea area. Then, in the middle of the first millennium AD, two groups of Slavs - the Antes and the Bloemakers - emerged from the Wends. The Ants settled the territory from the Danube to the Azov Sea and formed the eastern branch of the Slavs. They mainly engaged in farming and cattle breeding. They traded with the cities-powers of the Northern Black Sea region and Arab countries. The political structure of the country was democratic. The prince and the sergeant-major were leading the country. But very important issues for the country were decided by the Veche Assembly.

Since the VII century, there are memories already of the Slavs. Early Slavs settled mainly along the banks of rivers and lakes. Their houses were wooden and clay. The device of the political mode was tribal. The earth was owned mostly by a large family - patriarchal associations along the bloodline. The social harmony of the early Slavs is characterized by a transition from the primitive to the military-tribal. Then the power is transferred by right of inheritance. The life and work of the Eastern Slavs has always been closely connected with nature and family. This laid the foundation for the culture of the Slavs.

Culture

Folk culture in the traditions of the Ukrainian people played a role. In ancient times, when the feudal top of society adopted Catholicism and European culture, and the apex of the Cossack sergeant became Russified, the Ukrainian community developed without a national cultural elite. And only the broad masses remained to carry the culture, which in those days was popular. The main place in the culture had folklore, namely folk traditions and color. All this was very clearly seen in folk songs, dumas. Thanks to the people, it became possible to raise Ukrainian culture in the XVI-XVII centuries and revival in the XIX century.

Many talented Ukrainians have contributed to the Polish, Russian, world culture in general. It became possible due to the original education system, thanks to which the population was mostly literate. And also the role of Ukraine-Rus as the center of Christianity among the Eastern Slavs became immense. The system of higher education was especially developed. Ukrainian culture was open to the world, it lacked xenophobia and humanism was present. A huge contribution to the world heritage was made by such philosophers, poets and famous personalities as Skovoroda, Prokopovich, Kulish, Shevchenko and many others.

In other European countries, the problems of poverty, disease, and illiteracy were to be overcome through technical progress, with the help of the monarchs. And in Ukraine they called for self-knowledge, freedom, for the sake of which one can part with prosperity, the spirituality of life came to the fore. Today, such paths are of great importance for all mankind. So, although when the name Ukraine appeared, it's as if no one can say, but that this was an important moment for the entire huge nation can be affirmed with certainty.